Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2021
B- and T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Disease Modifying Therapies: Immunological Patterns and Clinical Implications.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine Reduces Immune-Activation and -Senescence in People With HIV With CMV Co-Infection.Immunology · 2026Article
- Selective S1P Receptor Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Alters CXCL13:CXCR5-Associated Immune Activities Without Impacting Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunity.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Intermittent loss of anti-HBc antibodies in people with multiple sclerosis undergoing disease-modifying therapies.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- De Novo Immune Induction After COVID-19 Vaccination Under B-Cell Depletion Is Characterized by Robust T-Cellular Immunity in Patients With Inflammatory Central Nervous System Disease.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Extensive T-Cell Profiling Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Minimal association between Th1-specific responses to COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in multiple sclerosis patients receiving disease-modifying therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Natalizumab and fumarate treatment differentially modulate CD4+ T cell and B cell subtypes in multiple sclerosis patients without impacting durable COVID-19 vaccine responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Article
- The Long-Term Immunogenicity of mRNABNT162b Third Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Do immunosuppressive treatments influence immune responses against adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis? An Argentine multicenter study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Implications of disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis on immune cells and response to COVID-19 vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Regulatory T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Diagnostics-What Do We Know So Far?Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Risk of COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis who are seronegative following vaccination.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination differ by disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Longitudinal characterisation of B and T-cell immune responses after the booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine in people with multiple sclerosis using different disease-modifying therapies.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses following BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals with multiple sclerosis receiving different disease-modifying treatments.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- A specific anti-COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine-induced early innate immune signature positively correlates with the humoral protective response in healthy and multiple sclerosis vaccine recipients.Clinical & translational immunology · 2023Article
- Immunity following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in autoimmune neurological disorders treated with rituximab or ocrelizumab.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Vaccination campaign to contrast the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised the issue of vaccine immunogenicity in special populations such as people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) on highly effective disease modifying treatments (DMTs). While humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been well characterized in the general population and in PwMS, very little is known about cell-mediated responses in conferring protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Methods: PwMS on ocrelizumab, fingolimod or natalizumab, vaccinated with two doses of mRNABNT162b2 (Comirnaty Results: Thirty PwMS and 9 HDs were enrolled. All the patients were negative for anti-N antibody detection, nor reported previous symptoms of COVID-19. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were assessed in PwMS showing: (i) reduction of circulating B-lymphocytes in PwMS on ocrelizumab; (ii) reduction of peripheral blood B- and T-lymphocyte absolute counts in PwMS on fingolimod and (iii) normal B- and T-lymphocyte absolute counts with an increase in circulating CD16+CD56+ NK-cells in PwMS on natalizumab. Three patterns of immunological responses were identified in PwMS. In patients on ocrelizumab, anti-S antibody were lacking or reduced, while T-cell responses were normal. In patients on fingolimod both anti-S titers and T-cell mediated responses were impaired. In patients on natalizumab both anti-S titers and T-cell responses were present and comparable to those observed in HD. Conclusions: The evaluation of T-cell responses, anti-S titers and peripheral blood lymphocyte absolute count in PwMS on DMTs can help to better characterize the immunological response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The evaluation of T-cell responses in longitudinal cohorts of PwMS will help to clarify their protective role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. The correlation between DMT treatment and immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines could help to better evaluate vaccination strategies in PwMS.
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