ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Caused by Gut Leakage Trigger the Autoimmune Response in Nonobese Diabetic Mice.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ethanol, acetaldehyde, lipopolysaccharide, and neutrophil extracellular traps: four-pronged attack on gut epithelial barrier in alcohol use disorder.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Review
- Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in diabetes mellitus and its complications: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.iScience · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiota: Emerging Evidence in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- HMGCS2 Palmitoylation Promotes Diabetes-Induced Erectile Dysfunction Through PPARα-Mediated Macrophage Extracellular Trap Formation.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- The role of neutrophils in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases.Periodontology 2000 · 2025Review
- Live fast, die young: neutrophils streamline their metabolism to maximize inflammation.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- NETosis in hypersensitivity disorders.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Sex-specific effects of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 deficiency in the cafeteria diet-induced obesity-associated metabolic complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- NETs: a new target for autoimmune disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- NOD alleles at Idd1 and Idd2 loci drive exocrine pancreatic inflammation.Immunogenetics · 2024Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- miR-10b-5p rescues leaky gut linked with gastrointestinal dysmotility and diabetes.United European gastroenterology journal · 2023Article
- Breaking bad: necroptosis in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The role of protein arginine deiminase 4-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps formation in ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- PADs and NETs in digestive system: From physiology to pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Jatrorrhizine alleviates ulcerative colitis via regulating gut microbiota and NOS2 expression.Gut pathogens · 2022Article
- Host-microbiota interactions shaping T-cell response and tolerance in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Contribution of Neutrophils and NETs to the Development of Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is associated with gut leakage in type 1 diabetes (T1D). To explore the mechanism of how enteropathy exacerbated by NETs triggers pancreatic autoimmunity in T1D, we carried out a correlation analysis for NET formation with gut barrier functions and autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Inducing chronic colitis or knocking out of peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) in NOD mice were used to further study the effect of NET formation on the progression of T1D. Microbial alterations in Deferribacteres and Proteobacteria, along with the loss of gut barrier function, were found to be associated with increased endotoxin and abnormal formation of NETs in NOD mice. Both DSS-induced colitis and knockout of PAD4 in NOD mice indicated that PAD4-dependent NET formation was involved in the aggravation of gut barrier dysfunction, the production of autoantibodies, and the activation of enteric autoimmune T cells, which then migrated to pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and caused self-damage. The current study thus provides evidence that PAD4-dependent NET formation is engaged in leaky gut triggering pancreatic autoimmunity and suggests that either degradation of NETs or inhibition of NET formation may be helpful for innovative therapeutic interventions in T1D.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.