ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
GM-CSF: Orchestrating the Pulmonary Response to Infection.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage makeover extreme viral edition: mechanisms of immune subversion and therapeutic perspectives.The Journal of general virology · 2026Review
- A bioluminescent inhibition immunoassay for detecting GM-CSF inhibitory activity in serum.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- B cell-mediated immune reconstitution after lung transplantation: mechanisms, interventions, and prognostic evaluation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- mGem: When immunity turns against itself-GM-CSF autoantibodies drive opportunistic infection risk.mBio · 2025Review
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Interleukin-27-adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-based gene therapy attenuates inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Auto-aggregation inmBio · 2025Article
- Immune system dynamics in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Precision bacterial immunotherapy: an integrated mechanistic taxonomy and translational roadmap against antimicrobial resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Focal Adhesion Kinase and Colony Stimulating Factors: Intestinal Homeostasis and Innate Immunity Crosstalk.Cells · 2024Review
- BHLHE40 Regulates Myeloid Cell Polarization through IL-10-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- In Vivo Immune-Modulatory Activity of Lefamulin in an Influenza Virus A (H1N1) Infection Model in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review of COVID-19 Therapeutics by Mechanism: From Discovery to Approval.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Review
- Inflammatory and endothelial host responses in community-acquired pneumonia: exploring the relationships with HbA1c, admission plasma glucose, and glycaemic gap-a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cytokine production in anFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Chronic alcohol use primes bronchial cells for altered inflammatory response and barrier dysfunction during SARS-CoV-2 infection.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: Conductor of the wound healing orchestra?International wound journal · 2023Review
- Non-Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Role of GM-CSF in lung balance and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Influenza breakthrough infection in vaccinated mice is characterized by non-pathological lung eosinophilia.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review summarizes the structure and function of the alveolar unit, comprised of alveolar macrophage and epithelial cell types that work in tandem to respond to infection. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) helps to maintain the alveolar epithelium and pulmonary immune system under physiological conditions and plays a critical role in restoring homeostasis under pathologic conditions, including infection. Given the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome, understanding basic lung physiology in infectious diseases is especially warranted. This review summarizes clinical and preclinical data for GM-CSF in respiratory infections, and the rationale for sargramostim (yeast-derived recombinant human [rhu] GM-CSF) as adjunctive treatment for COVID-19 and other pulmonary infectious diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.