ReviewIndian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine2022
Etomidate Compared to Ketamine for Induction during Rapid Sequence Intubation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Review in Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of ketamine versus etomidate for rapid sequence intubation of critically ill patients in terms of mortality and success rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence of post-induction hypotension following emergency rapid sequence induction with ketamine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of ketamine on emergency rapid sequence intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC emergency medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Ketamine versus etomidate as an induction agent for tracheal intubation in critically ill adults: a Bayesian meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Making endotracheal intubation safe in intensive care units: Impact of a bundle on the complications related to endotracheal intubation: A quasi-experimental before-after study.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Severe cardiopulmonary complications of ketamine: Acute pulmonary Edema in a cardiac patient.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- The Effect of Drug Selection on Pediatric Rapid Sequence Induction Success: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2025Review
- The process of rapid sequence intubation in the prehospital setting: A scoping review.The Southern African journal of critical care : the official journal of the Critical Care Society · 2025Review
- Association Between Fentanyl Use and Post-Intubation Mean Arterial Pressure During Rapid Sequence Intubation: Prospective Observational Study.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Observational
- Factors Associated with Postintubation Hypotension Among Patients with Suspected Sepsis in Emergency Department.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2023Article
- Evolving Techniques in RSI: Can the Choice of Induction Agent Matter in Securing a Definitive Airway in Emergency Settings?Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
AIMS AND
objectivesThe objective of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of etomidate and ketamine as induction agents for rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in acutely ill patients in emergency department and prehospital settings with respect to post-induction hypotension and first-pass intubation success during RSI. MATERIALS AND
methodsFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov between database inception and June 1, 2021. Articles were included if they compared safety and efficacy of etomidate vs ketamine as induction agents, in patients undergoing RSI in emergency department and prehospital settings, without any restrictions on study design. The outcome measures were incidence of post-induction hypotension and first-pass intubation success. The dichotomous outcomes were assessed for odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsOf 87 records identified, 9 were eligible, all assessed as having a low to moderate risk of overall bias. Six studies, including 12,060 patients from prehospital emergency medical services, air medical transport, and emergency department settings, compared post-induction hypotension incidence between etomidate and ketamine groups. The meta-analysis showed that etomidate was associated with decreased risk of post-induction hypotension compared to ketamine (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.31-0.91;
conclusionThe use of etomidate for induction during RSI is associated with a decreased risk of post-induction hypotension as compared to the use of ketamine, without an impact on the first-pass intubation success rate. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Sharda SC, Bhatia MS. Etomidate Compared to Ketamine for Induction during Rapid Sequence Intubation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(1):108-113.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.