Trial reportDiabetes care2022
Prolonged Glycemic Adaptation Following Transition From a Low- to High-Carbohydrate Diet: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients Without Diabetes: Use in Cardiovascular Prevention-A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of diet macronutrient content on the cardiometabolic response to weight loss: A randomized clinical trial.Cell metabolism · 2026Trial
- Review
- Adaptive Ketogenic-Mediterranean Protocol (AKMP) in Real Clinical Practice: 14-Week Pre-Post Cohort Study on Glucolipid Markers and Safety.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Study protocol, menu design, and rationale for a study testing the effects of a whole fruit-rich diet on glycemic control, liver fat, pancreatic fat, and cardiovascular health in adults with type 2 diabetes.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Timing of Meal Consumption on Glucose Profiles in Latino Adolescents with Obesity.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Article
- Physiologic Adaptation to Macronutrient Change Distorts Findings from Short Dietary Trials: Reanalysis of a Metabolic Ward Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Ketosis Suppression and Ageing (KetoSAge): The Effects of Suppressing Ketosis in Long Term Keto-Adapted Non-Athletic Females.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Carbohydrate Intake and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Results in the Postpartum Period.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Monitoring body composition change for intervention studies with advancing 3D optical imaging technology in comparison to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Thyroid markers and body composition predict LDL-cholesterol change in lean healthy women on a ketogenic diet: experimental support for the lipid energy model.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- A potent physiological method to magnify and sustain soleus oxidative metabolism improves glucose and lipid regulation.iScience · 2022Article
- Competing paradigms of obesity pathogenesis: energy balance versus carbohydrate-insulin models.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveConsuming ≥150 g/day carbohydrate is recommended for 3 days before an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes diagnosis. For evaluation of this recommendation, time courses of glycemic changes following transition from a very-low-carbohydrate (VLC) to high-carbohydrate diet were assessed with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsAfter achieving a weight loss target of 15% (±3%) on the run-in VLC diet, participants (18-50 years old, BMI ≥27 kg/m2) were randomly assigned for 10 weeks to one of three isoenergetic diets: VLC (5% carbohydrate and 77% fat); high carbohydrate, high starch (HC-Starch) (57% carbohydrate and 25% fat, including 20% refined grains); and high carbohydrate, high sugar (HC-Sugar) (57% carbohydrate and 25% fat, including 20% sugar). CGM was done throughout the trial (n = 64) and OGTT at start and end (n = 41). All food was prepared in a metabolic kitchen and consumed under observation.
resultsGlucose metrics continued to decline after week 1 in the HC-Starch and HC-Sugar groups (P < 0.05) but not VLC. During weeks 2-5, fasting and 2-h glucose (millimoles per liter per week) decreased in HC-Starch (fasting -0.10, P = 0.001; 2 h -0.10, P = 0.04). During weeks 6-9, 2-h glucose decreased in HC-Starch (-0.07, P = 0.01) and fasting and 2-h glucose decreased in HC-Sugar (fasting -0.09, P = 0.001; 2 h -0.09, P = 0.003). The number of participants with abnormal glucose tolerance by OGTT remained 10 (of 16) in VLC at start and end but decreased from 17 to 9 (of 25) in both high-carbohydrate groups.
conclusionsPhysiological adaptation from a low- to high-carbohydrate diet may require many weeks, with implications for the accuracy of diabetes tests, interpretation of macronutrient trials, and risks of periodic planned deviations from a VLC diet.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.