ArticlePloS one2022
Gut microbiota and butyrate contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopause due to estrogen deficiency.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Gut microbiota shaping fatty liver disease progression.Life science alliance · 2027Review
- Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Fructooligosaccharide supplementation ameliorates gut associated metabolic dysregulation in estrogen-deprived rats via targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and gut microbiome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Microbial Dysbiosis and Pathogenic Interplay in the Gut-Vaginal Axis: Implications for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Critical Review.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Post-Surgical Gut Microbiota Alterations in Pediatric Patients with Intestinal Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Multiorgan and gut microbial alterations in ovariectomized mice: a multiomics analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Communication of Estrogen in Gut-Brain Axis: Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Current drug targets · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and the gut-liver axis in MASLD: mechanisms, immune regulation and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Progress and Perspectives on the Estrogen-Microbiota-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Fecal short-chain fatty acids vary by sex and amyloid status.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Metabolomics for searching non-invasive biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in youth with vertical HIV.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Sex Hormones and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Menopause factors and alterations in gut microbiota and insulin homeostasis: A cross-sectional analysis of the microbiome and insulin longitudinal evaluation study (MILES).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Sleep disorders impact hormonal regulation: unravelling the relationship among sleep disorders, hormones and metabolic diseases.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Gut-Liver Axis: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Their Metabolites in the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Gut and liver · 2025Review
- Advanced Microbiome Therapeutics Accelerate MASLD Recovery by Restoring Intestinal Microbiota Equilibrium and the Gut-Liver Axis in a Mouse Model.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Review
- Gut microbiota has the potential to improve health of menopausal women by regulating estrogen.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in postmenopausal women has increased significantly. Estrogen plays a very important role in NAFLD, but whether NAFLD in premenopausal women was caused by estrogen deficiency was unknown. Thus, it is of great clinical significance to explore the mechanism of NAFLD in premenopausal women. Gut microbiota and its metabolites short chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been shown to play important roles in the development of NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the impact of gut microbiota and SCFA in NAFLD patients and mice caused by estrogen deficiency. We showed that premenopause NAFLD patients had much lower estrogen levels. Estrogen deficient mice, due to ovariectomy (OVX), suffered more severe liver steatosis with an elevated body weight, abdominal fat weight, serum triglycerides and deterioration in hepatic steatosis. Altered gut microbiota composition and decreased butyrate content were found in NAFLD patients and in OVX mice. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or supplementing with butyrate alleviated NAFLD in OVX mice. The production of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) Reg3ɣ, β-defensins and the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction, including ZO-1 and Occluding-5, were decreased in the OVX mice compared to control mice. Upregulation of PPAR-ɣ and VLDLR, downregulation of PPAR-ɑ indicated that OVX mice suffered from abnormal lipid metabolism. These data indicate that changes in the gut microbiota and SCFA caused by estrogen reduction, together with a disorder in AMP production and lipid metabolism, promote NAFLD, thus provide SCFAs derived from microbiota as new therapeutic targets for the clinical prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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