ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2022
Prevalence and patterns of HIV drug resistance in patients with suspected virological failure in North-Western Tanzania.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- What leads to treatment failure among people living with HIV: first systematic review from the middle east and North Africa.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Mozambique: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- Nationwide patterns of HIV drug resistance and high viral load in Sub-Saharan African countries.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- HIV-1 genetic diversity and reverse transcriptase resistance mutations in Benin before dolutegravir era, West Africa.PloS one · 2026Article
- Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed People in Eastern Ethiopia.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical Outcomes After Viremia Among People Receiving Dolutegravir vs Efavirenz-Based First-line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Determinants of nonsuppression of HIV viral load among children receiving antiretroviral therapy in the Simiyu region: a cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Primary resistance against integrase strand transfer inhibitors in integrase strand transfer inhibitor-naive patients failing first- and second-line ART in Tanzania.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- High-level resistance to non-nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor based first-line antiretroviral therapy in Ghana; A 2017 study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMore than 15 million people in sub-Saharan Africa receive ART. Treatment failure is common, but the role of HIV drug resistance in treatment failure is largely unknown because drug resistance testing is not routinely done. This study determined the prevalence and patterns of HIV drug resistance in patients with suspected virological failure. MATERIALS AND
methodsA single high viral load of >1000 viral RNA copies/mL of plasma at any point during ART was considered as suspected virological failure. HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma samples of these patients using the QIAamp Viral RNA kit. The protease and part of the RT regions of the HIV pol gene were characterized.
resultsViral load was determined in 317 patients; 64 (20.2%) had suspected virological failure. We successfully genotyped 56 samples; 48 (85.7%) had at least one major resistance-associated mutation (RAM). Common mutations in RT were M184V (75%), T215Y (41.1%), K103N (39.3%), M41L (32.1%), D67DN (30.3%), G190A (28.6%) and A98G (26.8%). No RAMs were detected in ART regimens based on a ritonavir-boosted PI.
conclusionsThe Tanzanian national guidelines define 'virological failure' as two consecutive viral load measurement results, at 3 month intervals, above the WHO threshold (1000 copies/mL). Here, we show that a single viral load above the WHO threshold is associated with high rates of RAMs. This suggests that a single high viral load measurement could be used to predict virological failure and avoid delays in switching patients from first-line to higher genetic barrier second-line regimens.
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