ReviewCureus2021
The Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Related Thyroid Diseases.
Review in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and associated factors among adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 2000-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluation of the relationship between coronary artery disease complexity and metabolic and hormonal parameters in non-diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Observational
- Prevalence and Impact of Hypothyroidism on Glycaemic Control in Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2026Article
- Association between cardiometabolic index and thyroid function: insights from NHANES.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Hyperthyroidism complicated with diabetes mellitus using the health promotion model: changes in thyroid hormones, glucose-lipid metabolism, and inflammatory markers.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Analysis of the association between water iodine concentration and TyG-BMI index with thyroid diseases: a cross-sectional study in Shandong province, China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between goiter and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population: a cross-sectional study using CHNS data.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Metabolic crosstalk between differentiated thyroid cancer and cardiovascular disease: insulin resistance as a molecular bridge-a proposed mechanism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Modulation of metabolic syndrome components by oral semaglutide in hypothyroid-T2DM patients: a retrospective analysis.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Familial Risk of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in a Large Genealogical Database.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Relationship between urinary iodine concentration and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes: An analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 - 2018.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Different Types of Thyroid Nodular Lesions Among Western Romanian Patients: A Comprehensive Clinical, Biochemical, and Hormonal Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Article
- Thyroid Hormones and Metabolism Regulation: Which Role on Brown Adipose Tissue and Browning Process?Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Effect of a Low-Molecular-Weight Allosteric Agonist of the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor on Basal and Thyroliberin-Stimulated Activity of Thyroid System in Diabetic Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Thyroid Dysfunction Prevalence and Risk Factors in the Southeastern Part of Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Inverse Association Between the Dawn Phenomenon and Thyroid Feedback Quantile-Based Index in Type 2 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Predictive study of machine learning combined with serum Neuregulin 4 levels for hyperthyroidism in type II diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Awareness of Risk Factors for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus among Undergraduates at a Private University in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes and thyroid diseases are caused by endocrine dysfunction and both have been demonstrated to mutually impact each other. Variation in thyroid hormone levels, even within the normal range, can trigger the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in people with prediabetes. However, the available evidence is contradictory. The purpose of this review is to understand the pathological relationship between thyroid-related disorders and T2DM. T2DM in thyroid dysfunction is thought to be caused by altered gene expression of a group of genes, as well as physiological abnormalities that result in decreased glucose uptake increased, splanchnic glucose absorption, disposal in muscles, increased hepatic glucose output. Additionally, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can cause insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can develop in subclinical hypothyroidism as a result of a reduced rate of insulin-stimulated glucose transfer caused by a translocation of the glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT 2) gene. On the other hand, novel missense variations in (Thr92Ala) can cause insulin resistance. Furthermore insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia resulting from diabetes can cause culminate in goitrous transformation of the thyroid gland. Thyroid-related diseases and T2DM are closely linked. Type 2 diabetes can be exacerbated by thyroid disorders, and diabetes can worsen thyroid dysfunction. Insulin resistance has been found to play a crucial role in both T2DM and thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, failure to recognize inadequate thyroid hormone levels in diabetes and insulin resistance in both conditions can lead to poor management of patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.