ReviewNature immunology2022
The T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2.
Review in Nature immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 842 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
842 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,295 citations in OpenAlex.
- QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay for the evaluation of cellular immunity after immunization with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2024Pooled it
- Ibuzatrelvir potently reduced viral RNA levels despite a high rate of anti-S seropositivity: a post hoc analysis of serology of the phase 2b study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Two-year persistence of MERS-CoV-specific antibody and T cell responses after MVA-MERS-S vaccination in healthy adults.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Effect of Omicron BA.1-based compared to prototype booster mRNA vaccination on incidence of COVID-19 in the COVAIL trial.Vaccine · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of Cellular Immune Responses After mRNA-1273 Vaccination in Children 6 Months to 11 Years of Age.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine induces CD4+ T-cell responses among solid organ transplant recipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Antiviral and immunomodulatory effect of zapnometinib in animal models and hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Caspase-11-mediated hyperinflammation impairs CD8+ T cell immunity and viral clearance in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Plasma Metabolomic Alterations Are Associated with T-Cell Senescence, Cytokine Dysregulation, and Prognosis in Elderly COVID-19 Patients.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- Are both COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines associated with cancer?Oncotarget · 2026Article
- Acceptance of the COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Amid the Omicron JN.1 Surge in Southern Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis of Rural-Urban Disparities.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Observational
- From sites to structure to serology: a roadmap for structure-aware molecular evolution of antigenically evolving viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 E protein induces rapid TLR2-mediated T cell activation in mouse lungs revealed by intravital lung microscopy.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Repertoire and Immune Memory Mechanisms in Vaccination and Infection Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Beyond the blood: Tissue-resident immunity shapes SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antibody responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Computational identification of antigen-specific T cell groups through generative epitope modeling.iScience · 2026Article
- Four doses of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination for patients with inborn errors of immunity compared to 3 doses for healthy individuals.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- New-Onset Myasthenia Gravis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The impact of ethnicity on longitudinal humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.Scientific reports · 2026Article
782 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The adaptive immune response is a major determinant of the clinical outcome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and underpins vaccine efficacy. T cell responses develop early and correlate with protection but are relatively impaired in severe disease and are associated with intense activation and lymphopenia. A subset of T cells primed against seasonal coronaviruses cross reacts with SARS-CoV-2 and may contribute to clinical protection, particularly in early life. T cell memory encompasses broad recognition of viral proteins, estimated at around 30 epitopes within each individual, and seems to be well sustained so far. This breadth of recognition can limit the impact of individual viral mutations and is likely to underpin protection against severe disease from viral variants, including Omicron. Current COVID-19 vaccines elicit robust T cell responses that likely contribute to remarkable protection against hospitalization or death, and novel or heterologous regimens offer the potential to further enhance cellular responses. T cell immunity plays a central role in the control of SARS-CoV-2 and its importance may have been relatively underestimated thus far.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.