Observational studyBMJ open2022
Impact of surgical management of primary tumors in stage IV breast cancer patients: a retrospective observational study based on SEER database.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between primary tumor surgery and survival in patients withTranslational cancer research · 2026Article
- "How can a woman live without having a breast?": challenges related to mastectomy in Ethiopia.BMC cancer · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAlthough primary tumour surgery could prolong survival for patients with stage IV breast cancer, how to select candidates for primary tumour surgery is still a challenging problem for medical oncologists.
designThis study is a retrospective database study. SETTING AND
participantsIn this study, we aimed at evaluating the primary site surgery effect and select the beneficial subgroups. 13 618 patients with stage IV breast cancer, diagnosed between 2010 and 2015, were collected from SEER*Stat database.
interventionsBased on the local surgery at primary tumour site, patients were categorised into three groups: primary tumour surgery performed group, recommended for primary tumour surgery but refused (RBR) group and surgery not recommended (NR) group. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause survival and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS).
resultsUnivariate Cox regression analyses showed that, compared with surgery group, patients in non-surgery (RBR and NR) groups tend to be older, T4, N0/NX, triple-negative and visceral metastatic. For both all-cause survival and BCSS, non-surgery, advanced T stage, triple-negative BC (TNBC) and visceral metastases were significant risk factors. Primary tumour surgery showed benefits for both all-cause survival (HR=0.44, 95% CI=0.39-0.49, p<0.0001) and BCSS (HR=0.43, 95% CI=0.38-0.49, p<0.0001). However, after propensity score matching, primary tumour surgery failed to demonstrate significant benefits for TNBC (HR=0.96, 95% CI=0.60-1.53, p=0.851) and patients with visceral metastases (HR=0.90, 95% CI=0.60-1.36, p=0.62).
conclusionSurgery was associated with prolonged survival in stage IV breast cancers, but not in patients with TNBC and visceral metastases.
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