ArticleAnnals of human biology2021
Greater male vulnerability to stunting? Evaluating sex differences in growth, pathways and biocultural mechanisms.
Article in Annals of human biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors and determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in Africa: a systematic review.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Analysis of under-five mortality rate and healthcare utilization equity in Hunan Province, China, 2020-2024.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Stunting in children aged under 2 years living in the eastern part of Indonesia: analysis of the 2010-2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- The potential pathway from maternal intimate partner violence to early childhood development through height-for-age z-score: evidence from 10 low- and middle-income countries.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Role of IGF-1 and IL-10 in Childhood Stunting: Evidence From Indonesia.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Article
- Exploring the Association Between Household Toilet Facility Type and Chronic Malnutrition in Children Under 5 years in Ghana's Northern Zone.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Systems biology insights into the molecular drivers of childhood stunting and implications for intervention.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Circulating Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Levels as a Biomarker of Socioecological Adversity in Amazonian Ecuador.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Salivary microbiome profile shifts after scaling in stunted children.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Intergenerational chronic undernutrition pattern and determinants in Ethiopia: a multilevel and spatial analysis of EDHS data (2000-2016).Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The forgotten link: how the oral microbiome shapes childhood growth and development.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluating the accuracy of population-specific versus generic stature estimation regression equations in a South African sample.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Provision of a liquefied petroleum gas cookstove and fuel during pregnancy and infancy and linear growth trajectories between birth and 12 months: Evidence from the multi-center Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- School-age growth and development following infant feeding and/or water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in rural Zimbabwe: long-term follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Are boys more vulnerable to stunting? Examining risk factors, differential sensitivity, and measurement issues in Zambian infants and young children.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Risk factors associated with stunting incidence in under five children in Southeast Asia: a scoping review.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Assessment of Childhood Stunting Prevalence over Time and Risk Factors of Stunting in the Healthy Village Programme Areas in Bangladesh.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Es Niño o Niña?: Gender Differences in Feeding Practices and Obesity Risk among Latino Infants.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Undernutrition in children under five associated with wealth-related inequality in 24 low- and middle-income countries from 2017 to 2022.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextChild stunting has increasingly become the focus of large-scale global health efforts with the inclusion of stunting eradication as one of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Child sex has been identified as a biological risk factor for stunting, and sex-specific approaches to stunting prevention have been proposed.
objectiveThis paper examines four pathways, developmental sensitivity, energetics, caretaking and measurement, proposed to contribute to sex differences in linear growth faltering and stunting risk.
methodsAnthropological, public health and clinical literature on sex differences in stunting and the mechanisms contributing to variability across contexts are reviewed.
resultsThe direction of sex differences in stunting prevalence varies across countries and between households. Sex differences in growth trajectories and immune function beginning prenatally place boys at greater risk of infection and undernutrition, but these biological differences are interpreted by parents and within household contexts that are shaped by social and cultural norms which, in turn, influence care and feeding practices.
conclusionA perspective that incorporates an examination of the social and environmental factors shaping child growth in specific contexts is needed to understand sex-based vulnerability to stunting and to develop context-appropriate interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.