ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Maternal anemia and preterm birth among women living with HIV in the United States.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01310023 (Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities Study in HIV Uninfected Children Born to HIV Infected Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities Study in HIV Uninfected Children Born to HIV Infected Women
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal liver function and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with HIV: a cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of anemia during pregnancy: a retrospective study in China, 2012-2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth in pregnant people living with HIV: A population-based cohort study.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2025Article
- Major Factors Contributing to Positive and Negative Childbirth Experiences in Pregnant Women Living with HIV.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- How much could anemia-related interventions reduce the HIV disparity in adverse birth outcomes?American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Retrotransposons are co-opted to activate hematopoietic stem cells and erythropoiesis.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Morbidity and Mortality Among Sexually Active Asian Adolescents and Young Adults with Perinatally Acquired HIV.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen living with HIV (WLHIV) have a higher prevalence of anemia than women without HIV, possibly related to the effects of HIV and antiretroviral medications.
objectivesTo estimate the prevalence of anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy and the effect of anemia on preterm births in WLHIV in the longitudinal, US-based Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS).
methodsDuring the third trimester, we obtained up to three 24-hour dietary recalls to estimate daily intakes of nutrients and measured serum concentrations of iron, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, zinc, folate, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Third trimester anemia was defined as hemoglobin < 11 g/d and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) was defined as low ferritin, high TIBC, and low transferrin saturation. A preterm birth was defined as birth at < 37 completed weeks of gestation, regardless of etiology. We fit separate modified Poisson regression models for each outcome (anemia, preterm birth) and each main exposure, adjusted for confounders, and report adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% CIs.
resultsOf the 267 WLHIV, 50% were anemic in the third trimester, of whom 43.5% (n = 57/131) had IDA. On average, women with anemia were younger, were more likely to be black, started antiretroviral medications in the second trimester, had a low CD4 count (<200 cells/mm3) early in pregnancy, and were less likely to meet recommended intakes for iron, B6, and folate. The prevalence of anemia was greater in WLHIV with a low CD4 count (aPR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.20-2.27) and high HIV viral load (>10,000 copies/mL; aPR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02-1.87). In total, 16% of women delivered preterm. Anemia was associated with a 2-fold (aPR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.12-3.71) higher prevalence of preterm births.
conclusionsAnemia is common in pregnant WLHIV, highlighting the need to address the underlying factors and clinical outcomes of anemia in this population.
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