ArticleNeurosurgical focus2022
Syngeneic murine glioblastoma models: reactionary immune changes and immunotherapy intervention outcomes.
Article in Neurosurgical focus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- cGAS-STING agonists in preclinical glioblastoma animal models: a systematic review of tumor microenvironment modulation and survival outcomes.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Advances in Aptamer Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Glioblastoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Translational Theranostics in Glioblastoma: FAPI-46 as a Precision Medicine Tool.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Article
- A novel murine model of LITT for glioblastoma reveals tumor reduction, BBB permeabilization, and drug delivery via ThermoDoxDrug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- IL6 Supports Development of an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Resistance to Therapy in Glioblastoma.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Local delivery of Doxorubicin and Olaparib loaded injectable hydrogels with adjuvant radiotherapy improves survival in a glioblastoma in vivo model.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Decoding glioblastoma evolution and heterogeneity through mechanistic modeling: implications for clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Localized delivery of hyaluronic acid-doxorubicin from a surgical paste for post-operative glioblastoma treatment.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis-armed dendritic cell vaccines for glioma immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Modelling brain tumours with organoids: towards precision medicine in neuro-oncology.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Dual phagocytosis-checkpoint blockade revitalizes immune surveillance in mouse models of glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Pathological neural and immune synapses in glioblastoma progression: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Review
- Systemic iron availability differentially shapes tumor and brain iron handling in a sex-dependent manner in glioblastoma.PloS one · 2026Article
- Interrogation of glioma immune microenvironment identifies a non-canonical role for microglial Galectin-9 in tumor cell adhesion and phagocytosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Connexin hemichannel blockade by abEC1.1 disrupts glioblastoma progression, suppresses invasiveness, and reduces hyperexcitability in preclinical models.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Review
- Oncolytic HSV-IL27 expression improves CD8 T cell function and therapeutic activity in syngeneic glioma models.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Evolution of Preclinical Models for Glioblastoma Modelling and Drug Screening.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain neoplasm with dismal 10-year survival rates of < 1%. Despite promising preliminary results from several novel therapeutic agents, clinical responses have been modest due to several factors, including tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and treatment resistance. Novel immunotherapeutics have been developed to reverse tumor-induced immunosuppression in patients with glioblastomas. In order to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, reliable in vivo syngeneic murine models are critical for the development of new targeted agents as these models demonstrate rapid tumor induction and reliable tumor growth over multiple generations. Despite the clear advantages of murine models, choosing an appropriate model from an immunological perspective can be difficult and have significant ramifications on the translatability of the results from murine to human trials. Herein, the authors reviewed the 4 most commonly used immunocompetent syngeneic murine glioma models (GL261 [C57BL/6], SB28 [C57BL/6], CT-2A [C57BL/6], and SMA-560 [VM/Dk]) and compared their strengths and weaknesses from an immunological standpoint.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.