ArticleJournal of proteome research2022
Exploring Human Milk Dynamics: Interindividual Variation in Milk Proteome, Peptidome, and Metabolome.
Article in Journal of proteome research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Proteomic Atlas of Human Milk: Uncovering Milk Functional Components.Research square · 2026Article
- Dynamic Remodeling of the Human Milk Serum Proteome Across Lactation: A Paired Two-Stage DIA Proteomic Study in Term and Preterm Mothers.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Time-Dependent Differences in the Human Milk Proteome After Preterm Birth: A Paired Two-Stage Proteomic Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Dynamic Variations in Endogenous Peptides in Chinese Human Milk Across Lactation and Geographical Regions.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Enrichment of Low-Abundance and Low-Molecular-Weight Proteins in Human Milk Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Influence of Gestational Age on the Level of Functional Peptides (Peptidome) in Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Influence of Lactation Stage on Content of Neurotrophic Factors, Leptin, and Insulin in Human Milk.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Untargeted metabolomic analysis of human milk from healthy mothers reveals drivers of metabolite variability.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Common proteins analysis of different mammals' mature milk by 4D-Label-Free.Food chemistry: X · 2024Article
- Network analysis of the proteome and peptidome sheds light on human milk as a biological system.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Targeted Workflow Investigating Variations in the Tear Proteome by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Summary of the Joint National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration Workshop Titled "Exploring the Science Surrounding the Safe Use of Bioactive Ingredients in Infant Formula: Considerations for an Assessment Framework".The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Unravelling the seasonal dynamics of the metabolome of white asparagus spears using untargeted metabolomics.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2023Article
- The human milk proteome and allergy of mother and child: Exploring associations with protein abundances and protein network connectivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human milk is a dynamic biofluid, and its detailed composition receives increasing attention. While most studies focus on changes over time or differences between maternal characteristics, interindividual variation receives little attention. Nevertheless, a comprehensive insight into this can help interpret human milk studies and help human milk banks provide targeted milk for recipients. This study aimed to map interindividual variation in the human milk proteome, peptidome, and metabolome and to investigate possible explanations for this variation. A set of 286 milk samples was collected from 29 mothers in the third month postpartum. Samples were pooled per mother, and proteins, peptides, and metabolites were analyzed. A substantial coefficient of variation (>100%) was observed for 4.6% and 36.2% of the proteins and peptides, respectively. In addition, using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), 5 protein and 11 peptide clusters were obtained, showing distinct characteristics. With this, several associations were found between the different data sets and with specific sample characteristics. This study provides insight into the dynamics of human milk protein, peptide, and metabolite composition. In addition, it will support future studies that evaluate the effect size of a parameter of interest by enabling a comparison with natural variability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.