Trial reportBMJ global health2022
Impact of community education on heat-related health outcomes and heat literacy among low-income communities in Karachi, Pakistan: a randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03513315 (Heat Emergency Awareness and Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Heat Emergency Awareness and Treatment (HEAT): A Cluster Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of a Comprehensive Intervention to Mitigate Humanitarian Crisis Due to Extreme Heat in Karachi, Pakistan
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural heat adaptation and education in a rural setting of Pakistan: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2026Trial
- Association Between Parental eHealth Literacy and Self-Reported Child Heat-Protection Practices: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Safeguarding maternal health against extreme heat in India: A policy analysis of state-level heat action plans.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Multi-scalar risk drivers for a heat vulnerability assessment framework using machine learning algorithms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Global Warming and the Elderly: A Socio-Ecological Framework.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Observational
- Building heat resilience through district-wide training of frontline health workers in India: a pre-post evaluation of the climate care champions programme in Ananthapuramu district.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Health Interventions for the Prevention of Dehydration in Agricultural Workers Exposed to Heat Stress: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mapping multilevel adaptation response to protect maternal and child health from climate change impacts: A scoping review.iScience · 2025Review
- Addressing burn-injury stigma through health education and communication campaign in Pakistan: study protocol.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Integrating gender in health interventions for adapting to extreme heat in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of community-based heat adaptation interventions: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Mapping the evidence on the impact of heat stress on exercise and work performance in females: a scoping review.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Gastrointestinal manifestations of critical ill heatstroke patients and their associations with outcomes: A multicentre, retrospective, observational study.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExtreme heat exposure is a growing public health concern. In this trial, we tested the impact of a community health worker (CHW) led heat education programme on all-cause mortality, unplanned hospital visits and changes in knowledge and practices in Karachi, Pakistan.
methodsThe Heat Emergency Awareness and Treatment trial was a community-based, open-label, two-group, unblinded cluster-randomised controlled trial that implemented a CHW-led educational intervention between March and May 2018 in Karachi, Pakistan. We randomly assigned (1:1) 16 clusters, each with ~185 households or 1000 population, to the intervention or usual care (control group). We collected data on all-cause mortality, unplanned hospital visits, evidence of heat illness through surveillance and a knowledge and practice survey during the summer months of 2017 (preintervention) and 2018 (postintervention).
findingsWe recruited 18 554 participants from 2991 households (9877 individuals (1593 households) in the control group and 8668 individuals (1398 households) in the intervention group). After controlling for temporal trends, there was a 38% (adjusted OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.77) reduction in hospital visits for any cause in the intervention group compared with the control group. In addition, there was an improvement in many areas of knowledge and practices, but there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality.
interpretationA CHW-led community intervention was associated with decreased unscheduled hospital visits, improved heat literacy and practices but did not impact all-cause mortality. CHWs could play an essential role in preparing communities for extreme heat events. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03513315.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.