ArticleNeuro-oncology2022
Off-the-shelf, steroid-resistant, IL13Rα2-specific CAR T cells for treatment of glioblastoma.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of CAR-T-Cell-Based Immunotherapies in Patients With Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Locoregional delivery of CAR T cells in high-grade gliomas: a systematic analysis of safety, efficacy, and emerging biomarkers of response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Scientometric analysis of glioblastoma and blood-brain barrier research (1995-2024): evolving trends and therapeutic challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Emerging trends and thematic evolution of immunotherapy for glioma based on the top 100 cited articles.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Glioma microenvironment: Cellular crosstalk, immunosuppression, and novel therapeutic perspectives.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Generation of Allogeneic CAR-T Circumvents Functional Deficits in Patient-Derived Autologous Product for Glioblastoma.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Brain barriers at the crossroads of glioma immune surveillance and immunotherapy response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, optimization strategies, and salvage options for CAR-T cell therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Endogenous glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor signaling: Dual regulators of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy efficacy in the tumor microenvironment.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Application of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors: current opportunities and challenges.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- The quintessential role for CAR T cell therapy in children, adolescents and young adults with cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Endogenous immune recruitment in glioblastoma CAR T therapy: cytokine, myeloid, and chemokine circuitry.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Designs of the clinical trials aiming at evaluating cell and gene therapy products: A critical appraisal from a literature review.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Review
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- CAR-T cell therapies are coming after glioblastoma: An overview of early phase clinical trials and future perspectives.iScience · 2026Review
- Cell therapy for brain tumors: The first 60 years.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- The development of CAR T cells for patients with CNS malignancies.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Structures, characteristics, and anticancer mechanisms of taxanes, beta-glucans, and isothiocyanates.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Immunotherapeutic Modalities in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety ConsiderationsCancers · 2026Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWide-spread application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for cancer is limited by the current use of autologous CAR T cells necessitating the manufacture of individualized therapeutic products for each patient. To address this challenge, we have generated an off-the-shelf, allogeneic CAR T cell product for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), and present here the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic potential of this approach.
methodsWe generated for clinical use a healthy-donor derived IL13Rα2-targeted CAR+ (IL13-zetakine+) cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) product genetically engineered using zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) to permanently disrupt the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) (GRm13Z40-2) and endow resistance to glucocorticoid treatment. In a phase I safety and feasibility trial we evaluated these allogeneic GRm13Z40-2 T cells in combination with intracranial administration of recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2; aldesleukin) in six patients with unresectable recurrent GBM that were maintained on systemic dexamethasone (4-12 mg/day).
resultsThe GRm13Z40-2 product displayed dexamethasone-resistant effector activity without evidence for in vitro alloreactivity. Intracranial administration of GRm13Z40-2 in four doses of 108 cells over a two-week period with aldesleukin (9 infusions ranging from 2500-5000 IU) was well tolerated, with indications of transient tumor reduction and/or tumor necrosis at the site of T cell infusion in four of the six treated research subjects. Antibody reactivity against GRm13Z40-2 cells was detected in the serum of only one of the four tested subjects.
conclusionsThis first-in-human experience establishes a foundation for future adoptive therapy studies using off-the-shelf, zinc-finger modified, and/or glucocorticoid resistant CAR T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.