ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2022
Cost-Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in the United States : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid diagnostic tests, laboratory-based immunoassay and nucleic acid testing strategies for long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Evolving landscape of economic evaluations of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation strategies: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Ending the HIV Epidemic in the United States Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Modeling Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiologic Impact of Prioritizing Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir to Men Who Have Sex With Men With Low Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use Adherence in the Netherlands: A Mathematical Modeling Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of concurrently available oral and long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis for preventing HIV infections among men who have sex with men in eastern China: A modelling study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Long-Acting PrEP for People With High Vulnerability to HIV Acquisition in Brazil: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of leveraging long-acting injectable cabotegravir to expand PrEP coverage among MSM in two contrasting North American cities.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Treatment (as Prevention) Availability and Individuals' Behavior: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Cabotegravir Long-Acting Injectable PrEP.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2025Article
- Early experiences with usage of long-acting injectable cabotegravir among adults in rural Ugandan and Kenyan communities: qualitative research from the SEARCH "Dynamic Choice HIV Prevention" intervention trials.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Cost-effective pricing of long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: a model-based analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Using Conditional Economic Incentives to Improve Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Among Male Sex Workers.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2025Article
- Estimating the population need for preexposure prophylaxis for HIV in the United States.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Identifying preferred program delivery attributes for long-acting injectable cabotegravir-rilpvirine in three U.S. HIV clinics: A discrete choice experiment.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Pharmacoeconomic perspectives on HIV: integrating data for long-term treatment and prevention.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Medical chart-reported alcohol consumption, substance use, and mental health issues in association with HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) nonadherence among gay, bisexual, and other men-who-have-sex-with-men.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Projecting the Potential Clinical and Economic Impact of HIV Prevention Resource Reallocation in Tennessee.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of Cabotegravir Long-Acting for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Article
- Daily Oral HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: Cost-saving at Generic Drug Price.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 083 trial demonstrated the superiority of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) compared with oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
objectiveTo identify the maximum price premium (that is, greatest possible price differential) that society should be willing to accept for the additional benefits of CAB-LA over tenofovir-based PrEP among men who have sex with men and transgender women (MSM/TGW) in the United States.
designSimulation, cost-effectiveness analysis. DATA SOURCES: Trial and published data, including estimated HIV incidence (5.32, 1.33, and 0.26 per 100 person-years for off PrEP, generic F/TDF and branded emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), and CAB-LA, respectively); 28% 6-year PrEP retention. Annual base-case drug costs: $360 and $16 800 for generic F/TDF and branded F/TAF. Fewer side effects with branded F/TAF versus generic F/TDF were assumed. TARGET POPULATION: 476 700 MSM/TGW at very high risk for HIV (VHR). TIME HORIZON: 10 years. PERSPECTIVE: Health care system.
interventionCAB-LA versus generic F/TDF or branded F/TAF for HIV PrEP. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary transmissions, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs (2020 U.S. dollars), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs; U.S. dollars per QALY), maximum price premium for CAB-LA versus tenofovir-based PrEP. RESULTS OF BASE-CASE ANALYSIS: Compared with generic F/TDF (or branded F/TAF), CAB-LA increased life expectancy by 28 000 QALYs (26 000 QALYs) among those at VHR. Branded F/TAF cost more per QALY gained than generic F/TDF compared with no PrEP. At 10 years, CAB-LA could achieve an ICER of at most $100 000 per QALY compared with generic F/TDF at a maximum price premium of $3700 per year over generic F/TDF (CAB-LA price <$4100 per year). RESULTS OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: In a PrEP-eligible population at high risk for HIV, rather than at VHR ( LIMITATION: Uncertain clinical and economic benefits of averting future transmissions.
conclusionEffective oral PrEP limits the additional price society should be willing to pay for CAB-LA. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: FHI 360;
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.