SynthesisPathogens and global health2022
The prevalence of adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and reinfection after recovery - a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Pathogens and global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Protective effectiveness of previous infection against subsequent SARS-Cov-2 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Severity and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Compared with Primary Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Protection of Naturally Acquired Antibodies Against Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Pooled it
- Association of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody response in individuals with prior Coronavirus infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mathematical modeling of public health policy for international travelers (PHPIT): a case study of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association Between Pre-Existing Conditions and COVID-19 Hospitalization, Intensive Care Services, and Mortality: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of an International Global Health Data Repository.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Determinants of Antibody Reactivity in COVID-19: A Case-Control Study in a Middle Eastern Cohort.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents: a one-year longitudinal study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- The evolution of vaccine hesitancy through the COVID-19 pandemic: A semi-structured interview study on booster and bivalent doses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Efficacy thresholds and target populations for antiviral COVID-19 treatments to save lives and costs: a modelling study.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Humoral immunogenicity assessment after receiving three types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Vaccination on Reinfection: A Community-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: analysis of 35,000 subjects and overview of systematic reviews.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- A mosquito AgTRIO mRNA vaccine contributes to immunity against malaria.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in Bangladesh: Pandemic to endemic.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Durability of Vaccine-Induced and Natural Immunity Against COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Association between pregnancy and severe COVID-19 symptoms in Qatar: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- No Association Between Ct Value and COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Qatar.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 reinfections in Mexico City: implications for public health.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Relationship between attitudes toward COVID-19 infection, depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional survey in Japan.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the prevalence and longevity of detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and T and B memory cells after recovery. In addition, the prevalence of COVID-19 reinfection and the preventive efficacy of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. A synthesis of existing research was conducted. The Cochrane Library, the China Academic Journals Full Text Database, PubMed, and Scopus, and preprint servers were searched for studies conducted between 1 January 2020 to 1 April 2021. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality and pooled estimates of relevant outcomes were obtained in a meta-analysis using a bias adjusted synthesis method. Proportions were synthesized with the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation and binary outcomes using the odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.