ArticleBrain injury2022
Traumatic brain injury, cardiovascular disease, and risk of dementia among older US Veterans.
Article in Brain injury, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining the additive risk of TBI and comorbid conditions on dementia in military veterans: a retrospective cohort study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Hospital Readmission After Traumatic Brain Injury Hospitalization in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Differential associations between traumatic brain injury severity and four dementia phenotypes in military veterans.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Vascular Risk Factors and 1-Year Cognitive Change Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Metabolic disorders after traumatic brain injury: a narrative review of systemic consequences.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Immune Response in Traumatic Brain Injury.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- The application of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of traumatic brain injury: Mechanisms, results, and problems.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- Risk Factors Analysis for 90-Day Mortality of Adult Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in an Italian Emergency Department.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Moderates the Association Between Amyloid and 1-Year Change in Everyday Functioning in Older Veterans.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Cognition and Amyloid-β in Older Veterans: Characterization and Longitudinal Outcomes of Data-Derived Phenotypes.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Post-stroke cognitive impairment: exploring molecular mechanisms and omics biomarkers for early identification and intervention.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in older patients with traumatic brain injury: analysis from theFrontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Long-term risk of cardiovascular disease after traumatic brain injury: screening and prevention.The Lancet. Neurology · 2023Review
- Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Older Veterans with Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Observational Study.Neurotrauma reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with elevated rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and both CVD and TBI are risk factors for dementia. We investigated whether CVD and its risk factors underlie the association between TBI and dementia. MATERIALS AND
methodsCox proportional hazards models among 195,416 Veterans Health Administration patients age 55+ with TBI and a non-TBI, age/sex/race-matched comparison sample.
resultsVeterans +TBI were more likely to have any CVD diagnosis (24% vs 36% p = <0.001) or risk factor (83 vs. 90% p < .001) compared to -TBI. During follow-up (mean ~7 years), 12.0% of Veterans with TBI only (HR: 2.17 95% CI 2.09-2.25), and 10.3% with CVD only developed dementia (HR 1.21 95% CI 1.15-1.28), compared to 6.5% with neither. There was an additive association between TBI and CVD on dementia risk (HR 2.51, 95% CI 2.41-2.61). Among those +TBI (±CVD), risk was minimally attenuated by adjustment for CVD/CVD risk factors (unadjusted HR: 2.38, 95% CI: 2.31-2.45; adjusted HR: 2.17, 95% CI 2.10-2.23).
conclusionsOlder veterans TBI have increased prevalence of CVD/CVD risk factors. TBI and CVD had an additive statistical association, with dementia risk increased by ~2.5-fold. However, CVD accounted for little of the association between TBI and dementia. More research is needed to understand mechanisms of TBI-dementia and inform clinical guidelines post-TBI.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.