ArticleACS nano2022
Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in GBM Primed with Radiation by Engineered Extracellular Vesicles.
Article in ACS nano, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Microglial HDAC5 Suppresses NLRP3 Inflammation via NF-κB Deacetylation to Alleviate Ischemic Brain Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- A Chemical Framework for Engineering Extracellular Vesicles' Biointerface to Advance Precision Therapeutics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy resistance in glioblastoma: Mechanistic insights and novel therapeutic approaches (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer Immunotherapy: Heterogeneity, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Review of Their Origins, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Microvesicles, exosomes and their combinations with cytoplasmic organelles: from their discovery to their innovative roles in clinical medicine.Biology direct · 2026Review
- Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in Glioma Therapy: Recent Advances and Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Strategies, Challenges and Application Prospects for Exosome Engineering Modifications in Tumor Targeted Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, progress, and prospects.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis and metabolic reprogramming in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma: emerging mechanisms and novel strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Micro/Nanoparticles in the Nose-Brain Axis: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Cell-Mediated and Peptide-Based Delivery Systems: Emerging Frontiers in Targeted Therapeutics.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in cancer immunotherapy: Therapeutic, challenges and clinical progress.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Progress of research on engineered extracellular vesicles from different sources for disease treatment.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- Survival benefits of concurrent immune checkpoint inhibitor and radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles as Distinct Paths Toward Precision Glioma Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Harnessing engineered extracellular vesicles for enhanced therapeutic efficacy: advancements in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles for the delivery of gene therapy.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025Article
- Navigating Glioma Complexity: The Role of Abnormal Signaling Pathways in Shaping Future Therapies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The lack of safe and effective delivery across the blood-brain barrier and the profound immune suppressive microenvironment are two main hurdles to glioblastoma (GBM) therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been used as therapeutic delivery vehicles to GBM but with limited efficacy. We hypothesized that EV delivery to GBM can be enhanced by (i) modifying the EV surface with a brain-tumor-targeting cyclic RGDyK peptide (RGD-EV) and (ii) using bursts of radiation for enhanced accumulation. In addition, EVs were loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) for immune checkpoint blockade. We show that this EV-based strategy dramatically enhanced the targeting efficiency of RGD-EV to murine GBM, while the loaded siRNA reversed radiation-stimulated PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and recruited tumor-associated myeloid cells, offering a synergistic effect. The combined therapy significantly increased CD8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.