ArticleeLife2022
Muscle systems and motility of early animals highlighted by cnidarians from the basal Cambrian.
Article in eLife, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dynamic simulations of feeding and respiration of the early Cambrian periderm-bearing cnidarian polyps.eLife · 2025Article
- Preservation and early evolution of scalidophoran ventral nerve cord.Science advances · 2025Article
- Review
- Musculature of an Early Cambrian cycloneuralian animal.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- A macroscopic free-swimming medusa from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Cortical circuit dynamics underlying motor skill learning: from rodents to humans.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Insights and perspectives on the enigmatic alary muscles of arthropods.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Muscle systems and motility of early animals highlighted by cnidarians from the basal Cambrian.eLife · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although fossil evidence suggests that various animal groups were able to move actively through their environment in the early stages of their evolution, virtually no direct information is available on the nature of their muscle systems. The origin of jellyfish swimming, for example, is of great interest to biologists. Exceptionally preserved muscles are described here in benthic peridermal olivooid medusozoans from the basal Cambrian of China (Kuanchuanpu Formation, ca. 535 Ma) that have direct equivalent in modern medusozoans. They consist of circular fibers distributed over the bell surface (subumbrella) and most probably have a myoepithelial origin. This is the oldest record of a muscle system in cnidarians and more generally in animals. This basic system was probably co-opted by early Cambrian jellyfish to develop capacities for jet-propelled swimming within the water column. Additional lines of fossil evidence obtained from ecdysozoans (worms and panarthropods) show that the muscle systems of early animals underwent a rapid diversification through the early Cambrian and increased their capacity to colonize a wide range of habitats both within the water column and sediment at a critical time of their evolutionary radiation.
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Registered trials
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