Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35098578›Full record

ArticleStatistics in medicine2022

Landmarking 2.0: Bridging the gap between joint models and landmarking.

Hein Putter, Hans C van Houwelingen

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In one paragraph

Article in Statistics in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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  8. Optimal risk-assessment scheduling for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Hein PutterDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5395-1422
Hans C van HouwelingenDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The problem of dynamic prediction with time-dependent covariates, given by biomarkers, repeatedly measured over time, has received much attention over the last decades. Two contrasting approaches have become in widespread use. The first is joint modeling, which attempts to jointly model the longitudinal markers and the event time. The second is landmarking, a more pragmatic approach that avoids modeling the marker process. Landmarking has been shown to be less efficient than correctly specified joint models in simulation studies, when data are generated from the joint model. When the mean model is misspecified, however, simulation has shown that joint models may be inferior to landmarking. The objective of this article is to develop methods that improve the predictive accuracy of landmarking, while retaining its relative simplicity and robustness. We start by fitting a working longitudinal model for the biomarker, including a temporal correlation structure. Based on that model, we derive a predictable time-dependent process representing the expected value of the biomarker after the landmark time, and we fit a time-dependent Cox model based on the predictable time-dependent covariate. Dynamic predictions based on this approach for new patients can be obtained by first deriving the expected values of the biomarker, given the measured values before the landmark time point, and then calculating the predicted probabilities based on the time-dependent Cox model. We illustrate the approach in predicting overall survival in liver cirrhosis patients based on prothrombin index.

Indexed as

Models, StatisticalBiomarkersComputer SimulationHumansProbabilityProportional Hazards ModelsBiomarkersjoint modelslandmarkinglongitudinal biomarkerssurvival prediction

Identifiers

PMID35098578
PMCPMC9304216

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.