SynthesisActa neurochirurgica2022
Long-term outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in Acta neurochirurgica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Severe traumatic brain injury and long-term survival: a meta-analysis on life expectancy and mortality trends.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term life expectancy in severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Outcomes of Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in a Low-Resource Setting.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Psilocybin restores behavior and 5-HTCell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Management and outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury treated in three major Nordic intensive care units: a comparative cohort study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Safety, Feasibility, and Exploratory Functional Changes During GRILLO© Gait Trainer Use in Adults with Severe Acquired Brain Injury: A Retrospective Observational Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Overall rehabilitation prognosis for the level of functioning following moderate to severe acquired brain injury: a study using routinely collected health record data.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Five-Year Follow-Up of Work Disability After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nationwide Swedish Matched Cohort Study of 98,000 Individuals.Neurology · 2026Article
- Good Recovery, Poor Participation? A Secondary Analysis of the Dissociation Between Global Disability and Real-Life Participation Five Years After Traumatic Brain Injury.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Postoperative LEDVT Risk Assessment System for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- Economic burden and cost drivers of traumatic brain injury.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- Impact of Cranioplasty Timing and Status on Long-Term Survival and Functional Outcomes After Decompressive Craniectomy for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Comparing the CO-OP ApproachBrain sciences · 2025Article
- Neural reward processing among children with conduct disorder and mild traumatic brain injury in the ABCD study.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Serum Nrf2 Levels in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients and Its Significance in Predicting 28-Day Mortality.Brain and behavior · 2025Observational
- Application of Serum NADPH Oxidase 2 Levels for Predicting 180-Day Clinical Outcomes Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Cohort Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Elevation of C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels as reliable biomarkers for assessing injury severity and prognosis in traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A comparative analysis of Rotterdam score and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting outcomes for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.European journal of translational myology · 2025Article
- Impact of childhood traumatic brain injury on educational attainment in Finland from 1998 to 2018: a retrospective register-based nationwide cohort study.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExpectation of long-term outcome is an important factor in treatment decision-making after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Conclusive long-term outcome data substantiating these decisions is nowadays lacking. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the scientific literature on long-term outcome after sTBI.
methodsA systematic search was conducted using PubMed from 2008 to 2020. Studies were included when reporting long-term outcome ≥ 2 years after sTBI (GCS 3-8 or AIS head score ≥ 4), using standardized outcome measures. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the QUIPS tool.
resultsTwenty observational studies were included. Studies showed substantial variation in study objectives and study methodology. GOS-E (n = 12) and GOS (n = 8) were the most frequently used outcome measures. Mortality was reported in 46% of patients (range 18-75%). Unfavourable outcome rates ranged from 29 to 100% and full recovery was seen in 21-27% of patients. Most surviving patients reported SF-36 scores lower than the general population.
conclusionLiterature on long-term outcome after sTBI was limited and heterogeneous. Mortality and unfavourable outcome rates were high and persisting sequelae on multiple domains common. Nonetheless, a considerable proportion of survivors achieved favourable outcome. Future studies should incorporate standardized multidimensional and temporal long-term outcome measures to strengthen the evidence-base for acute and subacute decision-making. HIGHLIGHTS: 1. Expectation of long-term outcome is an important factor in treatment decision-making for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). 2. Favourable outcome and full recovery after sTBI are possible, but mortality and unfavourable outcome rates are high. 3. sTBI survivors are likely to suffer from a wide range of long-term consequences, underscoring the need for long-term and multi-modality outcome assessment in future studies. 4. The quality of the scientific literature on long-term outcome after sTBI can and should be improved to advance treatment decision-making.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.