ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2022
Phase I study of expanded natural killer cells in combination with cetuximab for recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02507154 (Phase I/II Study of Expanded, Activated Autologous Natural Killer Cell Infusions With Cetuximab for Patients With EGFR-Positive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma or Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase I/II Study of Expanded, Activated Autologous Natural Killer Cell Infusions With Cetuximab for Patients With EGFR-Positive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma or Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of natural killer cell therapy in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Next-generation natural killer cell therapy: bench to bedside and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus based biomarkers and targeted therapies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a narrative review.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Review
- Review
- Advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Current progress and combined approaches (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Designs of the clinical trials aiming at evaluating cell and gene therapy products: A critical appraisal from a literature review.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells in adoptive cell therapy: current landscape of genetic engineering strategies.Oncoimmunology · 2025Review
- Mendelian randomization analysis of gut microbiota-immune cell interactions in malignant neoplasm of nasopharynx.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus mRNA vaccine synergizes with NK cells to enhance nasopharyngeal carcinoma eradication in humanized mice.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Cytokines in Focus: IL-2 and IL-15 in NK Adoptive Cell Cancer Immunotherapy.Immune network · 2025Review
- Advancements in adoptive CAR immune cell immunotherapy synergistically combined with multimodal approaches for tumor treatment.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Reprogramming natural killer cells for cancer therapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
- Generation of non-genetically modified, CAR-like, NK cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- The Role of Natural Killer Cells in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment of EBV-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Safety and efficacy of SNK01 (autologous natural killer cells) in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or cetuximab after failure of prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer: non-clinical mouse model and phase I/IIa clinical study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Building a Better Defense: Expanding and Improving Natural Killer Cells for Adoptive Cell Therapy.Cells · 2024Review
- Revolutionizing the treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer: the impact, challenges and strategies of stem cell and genetically engineered cell therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Current landscape of clinical use of ex vivo expanded natural killer cells for cancer therapy.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Current status and prospects (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells express high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cetuximab is an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody that promotes natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) via engagement of CD16. We studied safety and efficacy of combining cetuximab with autologous expanded NK cells in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic NPC who had failed at least two prior lines of chemotherapy.
methodsSeven subjects (six patients) received cetuximab every 3 weeks (six doses maximum) in the pre-trial phase. Autologous NK cells, expanded by co-culture with irradiated K562-mb15-41BBL cells, were then infused on the day after administration of cetuximab. Primary and secondary objectives were to determine safety of this combination therapy and to assess tumor responses, respectively.
resultsMedian NK cell expansion from peripheral blood mononucleated cells after 10 days of culture with K562-mb15-41BBL was 274-fold (range, 36-534, n = 10), and the median expression of CD16 was 98.4% (range, 67.8-99.7%). Skin rash, the commonest side effect of cetuximab in the pre-trial phase, was not exacerbated by NK cell infusion. No intolerable side effects were observed. Stable disease was observed in four subjects and progressive disease in three subjects. Three patients who received NK cells twice had time to disease progression of 12, 13, and 19 months.
conclusionNK cells with high ADCC potential can be expanded from patients with heavily pre-treated NPC. The safety profile and encouraging clinical responses observed after combining these cells with cetuximab warrant further studies of this approach. (clinicalTrials.gov NCT02507154, 23/07/2015). PRECIS: Engaging NK cell-mediated ADCC using cetuximab plus autologous NK cells in EGFR-positive NPC was well tolerated among heavily pre-treated recurrent NPC. Promising results were observed with 3 out of 7 subjects demonstrating durable stable disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.