ArticleAffective science2022
Wearing N95, Surgical, and Cloth Face Masks Compromises the Perception of Emotion.
Article in Affective science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- No evidence for disruption of empathy and mentalizing by face coverage in multimodal settings.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Smile variation leaks personality and increases the accuracy of interpersonal judgments.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- The eyes as the exclamation mark of the face: exploring the relationship between eye size, intensity of female facial expressions and attractiveness in a range of emotions.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Masked emotions: does children's affective state influence emotion recognition?Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- The effects of face masks on emotional appraisal ability of students with autism spectrum disorder.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2024Article
- Seeing emotions in the eyes: a validated test to study individual differences in the perception of basic emotions.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2023Article
- Emotions behind a mask: the value of disgust.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Face masks influence emotion judgments of facial expressions: a drift-diffusion model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Face coverings differentially alter valence judgments of emotional expressions.Basic and applied social psychology · 2023Article
- Hidden faces, altered perceptions: the impact of face masks on interpersonal perception.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Face masks impair facial emotion recognition and induce specific emotion confusions.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2022Article
- Mask wearing affects emotion perception.i-Perception · 2022Article
- Altering Facial Movements Abolishes Neural Mirroring of Facial Expressions.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Mapping the perception-space of facial expressions in the era of face masks.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
According to the familiar axiom, the eyes are the window to the soul. However, wearing masks to prevent the spread of viruses such as COVID-19 involves obscuring a large portion of the face. Do the eyes carry sufficient information to allow for the accurate perception of emotions in dynamic expressions obscured by masks? What about the perception of the meanings of specific smiles? We addressed these questions in two studies. In the first, participants saw dynamic expressions of happiness, disgust, anger, and surprise that were covered by N95, surgical, or cloth masks or were uncovered and rated the extent to which the expressions conveyed each of the same four emotions. Across conditions, participants perceived significantly lower levels of the expressed (target) emotion in masked faces, and this was particularly true for expressions composed of more facial action in the lower part of the face. Higher levels of other (non-target) emotions were also perceived in masked expressions. In the second study, participants rated the extent to which three categories of smiles (reward, affiliation, and dominance) conveyed positive feelings, reassurance, and superiority, respectively. Masked smiles communicated less of the target signal than unmasked smiles, but not more of other possible signals. The present work extends recent studies of the effects of masked faces on the perception of emotion in its novel use of dynamic facial expressions (as opposed to still images) and the investigation of different types of smiles. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00097-z.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.