ReviewSAGE open medicine2022
Tumor promoting roles of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-35: Its implications in cancer immunotherapy.
Review in SAGE open medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a functional "two-hit" model of papillomavirus-Epstein-Barr virus synergistic carcinogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Research progress on the role of dendritic cells in glioma during 1992-2024: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Changes in circulating immune cells and cytokines after high-intensity aerobic exercise in patients with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance from the ERASE randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Single-cell landscape of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HPV-negative HNSCC.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Functional deficiency of circadian regulator PER2 enhances breast cancer susceptibility and progression with immunosuppression.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Malaria and cancer: common features and interactions.Trends in parasitology · 2026Review
- The IL-10/IL-6 Ratio and the Risk Score: Two Cytokines-Based Predictors for Malignancy-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adults (M-HLHa).American journal of hematology · 2026Observational
- Distinct metastatic patterns and survival outcomes in intestinal- versus diffuse-type gastric cancer: a SEER-based propensity score-matched analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Interrelationships Between PD-L1, CTLA-4, IL-10 and IL-18 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Vitamin D delivered through carbon quantum dots modifies cytokine expression and migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Tumor immune cell targeting chimeras reprogram tumor-associated macrophages.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Investigating the Role of Anti-Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Antibody on Cytokine Profile in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Glycosylated extracellular matrix drives immune suppression by modulating macrophage-T cell crosstalk in triple-negative breast cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The dual balance of the cytokine network: key messengers of immune activation and triggers of cytokine storm.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Immunotherapeutic and Antitumoral Potential of Fatty Acids from Subantarctic Macroalgae (Sarcopeltis skottsbergii).Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- A new perspective on cancer treatment: the interaction and application prospect between ICIs and radiotherapy.Precision radiation oncology · 2026Review
- SYT8 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic predictor in colorectal cancer: insights from multi-cohort transcriptomic analyses.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- PTPN1/PTPN2 inhibition improves NK cancer therapy by enhancing IL-2 and mitigating TGFβ1 responses.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of immune evasion, biomarkers, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- The interplay between autophagy and immunogenic cell death: nanomaterial-based strategies for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines play a critical role in regulating host immune response toward cancer and determining the overall fate of tumorigenesis. The tumor microenvironment is dominated mainly by immune-suppressive cytokines that control effector antitumor immunity and promote survival and the proliferation of cancer cells, which ultimately leads to enhanced tumor growth. In addition to tumor cells, the heterogeneous immune cells present within the tumor milieu are the significant source of immune-suppressive cytokines. These cytokines are classified into a broad range; however, in most tumor types, the interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-4, and interleukin-35 are consistently reported as immune-suppressive cytokines that help tumor growth and metastasis. The most emerging concern in cancer treatment is hijacking and restraining the activity of antitumor immune cells in the tumor niche due to a highly immune-suppressive environment. This review summarizes the role and precise functions of interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-4, and interleukin-35 in modulating tumor immune contexture and its implication in developing effective immune-therapeutic approaches. CONCISE
conclusionRecent effort geared toward developing novel immune-therapeutic approaches faces significant challenges due to sustained mutations in tumor cells and a highly immune-suppressive microenvironment present within the tumor milieu. The cytokines play a crucial role in developing an immune-suppressive environment that ultimately dictates the fate of tumorigenesis. This review critically covers the novel aspects of predominant immune-suppressive cytokines such as interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-4, and interleukin-35 in dictating the fate of tumorigenesis and how targeting these cytokines can help the development of better immune-therapeutic drug regimens for the treatment of cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.