ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Cytokine Elevation in Severe COVID-19 From Longitudinal Proteomics Analysis: Comparison With Sepsis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-6 Baseline Values and Dynamic Changes in Predicting Sepsis Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Overexpression ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The value of interleukin-6 (IL-6), neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) and amphiregulin (AREG) levels in predicting mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a pre-diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Peripheral blood cytokines during early and post-acute stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with disease severity and long-term symptoms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Major pathophysiological changes in pulmonary disease provided a molecular insight based on deep learning approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Plasma proteomic profiles correlate with organ dysfunction in COVID-19 ARDS.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- A Coupled Model of the Cardiovascular and Immune Systems to Analyze the Effects of COVID-19 Infection.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2025Article
- The amphiregulin- epidermal growth factor receptor axis as a therapeutic target in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Article
- Macrophages as a Source and Target of GDF-15.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- GDF-15 Levels and Other Laboratory Findings as Predictors of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: A Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Th17/Treg balance: the bloom and wane in the pathophysiology of sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Complement factor D targeting protects endotheliopathy in organoid and monkey models of COVID-19.Cell stem cell · 2023Article
- Endothelial Damage, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Platelet Activation in COVID-19 vs. Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Case-Control Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- COVID-19 plasma proteome reveals novel temporal and cell-specific signatures for disease severity and high-precision disease management.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- The dynamic changes and sex differences of 147 immune-related proteins during acute COVID-19 in 580 individuals.Clinical proteomics · 2022Article
- Serum biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2 severity.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 as an emerging novel biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 infection.World journal of methodology · 2022Article
- Significance of interferon signaling based on mRNA-microRNA integration and plasma protein analyses in critically ill COVID-19 patients.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease. Uncontrolled inflammation called "cytokine storm" is reported to contribute to disease pathogenesis as well as sepsis. We aimed to identify cytokines related to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 through a proteomics analysis of 1463 plasma proteins, validate these cytokines, and compare them with sepsis. Materials and Methods: In a derivation cohort of 306 patients with COVID-19, 1463 unique plasma proteins were measured on days 1, 4, and 8. Cytokines associated with disease severity and prognosis were derived. In a validation cohort of 62 COVID-19 patients and 38 sepsis patients treated in the intensive care unit [ICU], these derived cytokines were measured on days 1 (day of ICU admission), 2-3, and 6-8 (maximum: 3 time points/patient). Derived cytokines were compared with healthy controls and between COVID-19 and sepsis patients, and the associations with prognosis were evaluated. The time to wean off mechanical ventilation (MV) was evaluated only for COVID-19. Results: IL-6, amphiregulin, and growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 were associated with disease severity and prognosis in the derivation cohort. In the validation cohort, IL-6 and GDF-15 were elevated in COVID-19 and sepsis on day 1, and the levels of these cytokines were higher in sepsis than in COVID-19. IL-6 and GDF-15 were associated with prognosis in sepsis. Cox proportional hazards model with time as a dependent covariate showed a significant relationship between plasma GDF-15 level and time to wean off MV (hazard ratio, 0.549 [95% confidence level, 0.382-0.789]). The GDF-15 level at ICU admission predicted late recovery. Conclusion: GDF-15 and IL-6 derived from proteomics analysis were related with disease severity of COVID-19. Their values were higher in sepsis than in COVID-19 and were associated with prognosis in sepsis. In COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU, GDF-15 was associated with the time to wean off MV and better predicted late recovery.
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