ArticleDiagnostic pathology2022
Clinicopathological and molecular study of 10 salivary gland clear cell carcinomas, with emphasis on rare cases with high grade transformation and occurring in uncommon sites.
Article in Diagnostic pathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 87 Cases Focusing on Prognostic Pathologic Features and Grading Scheme.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2025Article
- Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland in an Elderly Female: A Case Report Supported by EWSR1 Molecular Studies.Acta medica Philippina · 2025Article
- High-grade transformation of head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma demonstrates distinctive clinicopathological features and an unfavorable prognosis: a matched case-control study of the largest series in China.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundAs a rare salivary gland malignancy, clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is easily misdiagnosed. This study identified the features that allow better recognition of the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics and the prognosis of CCC, focusing on high-grade transformation (HGT) in this tumor and cases arising in uncommon sites.
methodsClinicopathological and follow-up data for 10 CCC samples were retrieved. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect EWSR1 gene rearrangements, EWSR1-ATF1 gene fusions, and MAML2 gene rearrangements.
resultsHistologically, typical CCCs comprised bland polygonal or round cells with clear cytoplasm. In contrast with typical CCCs, HGT tumor cells exhibited nuclear pleomorphism, high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios, high mitotic activity, and necrosis. Rare morphologic features such as pseudopapillae, gland-like spaces, and entrapped ducts were also observed. Occasionally, tumors involving the oral cavity might arise from the overlying epithelium of the mucosal surface. Immunohistochemically, all the cases expressed p63, p40, and CK5/6, while myoepithelial-related markers were uniformly negative in all cases. HGT exhibited a wild type p53 expression pattern. FISH demonstrated EWSR1 rearrangement (10/10) and EWSR1-ATF1 fusion (4/5); however, MAML2 remained intact (0/3).
conclusionsCCCs with HGT or occurring in uncommon sites are extremely rare. Combining morphology based IHC and molecular detection provided reliable evidence that the HGT component represented a transformation of CCC rather than the coexistence of another tumor and helped differentiating CCCs in uncommon sites from their mimics, avoiding potential misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapy. The overall prognosis for CCCs is good, except for the HGT cases, which needed continued treatment.
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