Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35094366›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutical medicine2022

Delivery Strategies for mRNA Vaccines.

Sivakumar Ramachandran, Soumya Ranjan Satapathy, Tathagata Dutta

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
13.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. Advances and Strategies in Enhancing mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Review

31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sivakumar RamachandranSchool of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, Dehradun Institute of Technology, Dehradun, 248009, India. sivakumar.ramachandran@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-8393-5255
Soumya Ranjan SatapathyDFE Pharma India Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560066, India.
Tathagata DuttaJodas Expoim Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, 500072, India.
Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals · INTechno India University · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The therapeutic potential for messenger RNA (mRNA) in infectious diseases and cancer was first realized almost three decades ago, but only in 2018 did the first lipid nanoparticle-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy reach the market with the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of patisiran (Onpattro™) for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis. This was largely made possible by major advances in the formulation technology for stabilized lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs). Design of the cationic ionizable lipids, which are a key component of the LNP formulations, with an acid dissociation constant (pKa) close to the early endosomal pH, would not only ensure effective encapsulation of mRNA into the stabilized lipoplexes within the LNPs, but also its subsequent endosomal release into the cytoplasm after endocytosis. Unlike other gene therapy modalities, which require nuclear delivery, the site of action for exogenous mRNA vaccines is the cytosol where they get translated into antigenic proteins and thereby elicit an immune response. LNPs also protect the mRNA against enzymatic degradation by the omnipresent ribonucleases (RNases). Cationic nano emulsion (CNE) is also explored as an alternative and relatively thermostable mRNA vaccine delivery vehicle. In this review, we have summarized the various delivery strategies explored for mRNA vaccines, including naked mRNA injection; ex vivo loading of dendritic cells; CNE; cationic peptides; cationic polymers and finally the clinically successful COVID-19 LNP vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines)-their components, design principles, formulation parameter optimization and stabilization challenges. Despite the clinical success of LNP-mRNA vaccine formulations, there is a specific need to enhance their storage stability above 0 °C for these lifesaving vaccines to reach the developing world.

Indexed as

LiposomesNanoparticlesCOVID-19HumansmRNA VaccinesUnited StatesVaccines, SyntheticLipid NanoparticlesLiposomesmRNA VaccinesVaccines, Synthetic

Identifiers

PMID35094366
PMCPMC8801198
OpenAlexW4210363311

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.