Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35093679›Full record

ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2022

No party, no drugs? Use of stimulants, dissociative drugs, and GHB/GBL during the early COVID-19 pandemic.

Antonia Bendau, Leonard Viohl, Moritz Bruno Petzold, Jonas Helbig, Simon Reiche, Roman Marek, Amy Romanello, Daa Un Moon, Rosa Elisa Gross, Dario Jalilzadeh Masah and 6 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Observational
  12. Changes in Alcohol Consumption among Users of an Internet Drug Forum during a COVID-19 Lockdown.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Antonia BendauCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Leonard ViohlCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Moritz Bruno PetzoldCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Jonas HelbigCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Simon ReicheCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany.
Roman MarekPsychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany; Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin-Brandenburg, Germany.
Amy RomanelloCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Germany.
Daa Un MoonCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Rosa Elisa GrossCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Dario Jalilzadeh MasahCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Stefan GutwinskiCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany.
Inge MickCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Christiane MontagCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Ricarda EvensCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany.
Tomislav MajićCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany.
Felix BetzlerCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: felix.betzler@charite.de.
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin · DEFreie Universität Berlin · DECharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DESt. Hedwig-Krankenhaus · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is presumably having an impact on the consumption of psychoactive substances. Social distancing and lockdown measures may particularly affect the use of "party drugs" (e.g., stimulants, dissociatives, and GHB/GBL) through the absence of typical use settings. We aimed to analyse the use patterns of those substances and underlying motivations before and during the pandemic.

methodsA subsample of 1,231 users of stimulants (amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA/ecstasy, cocaine), dissociative drugs (ketamine, dextromethorphan, PCP), and GHB/GBL was assessed from 30th April to 4th August 2020 as part of the Corona Drug Survey, a cross-sectional international online survey in five languages that included a total of 5,049 participants. The reported use of distinct substances and the underlying motivations were ascertained before (retrospectively) and during the pandemic. Furthermore, associations between drug use as a coping mechanism, pandemic-related stressors, and substance use were examined.

resultsRegarding the reported frequency of use during the pandemic, 48.0-64.8% of the sample ceased or decreased, 11.9-25.5% maintained, and 23.6-29.1% increased their consumption. MDMA/ecstasy showed the strongest decrease and GHB/GBL and dissociatives the highest increase. Participants reported that price, quality, and supply were mostly unaffected by the pandemic. The most common motivations before and during the pandemic were mood-related factors, such as a desire to feel exhilarated, euphoric, high, or buzzed. The relevance of social purposes and mood-related motivators declined during the pandemic, whereas dealing with boredom increased. Overall, 16.4-35.6% perceived drug use as helpful for dealing with pandemic-related stressors, which were associated with an increased consumption frequency.

conclusionThe early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with major changes in the use of "party drugs". Those who increased their level of drug use and perceived it as a coping strategy in particular might be targeted with adaptive preventive and therapeutic measures.

Indexed as

COVID-19Sodium OxybateSubstance-Related DisordersCommunicable Disease ControlCross-Sectional StudiesHumansPandemicsRetrospective StudiesSodium OxybateAmphetamineCocaineCoronaKetamineMDMASubstance use

Identifiers

PMID35093679
PMCPMC8730379
OpenAlexW4206095590

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.