ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2022
The Cost-Effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling in Primary Care: a Markov Cohort Simulation Model.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- A pilot adaptive trial of text messages, mailed nicotine replacement therapy, and telephone coaching among primary care patients who smoke.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Trial
- Markov-model cost-effectiveness evaluation of a cessation programme when tobacco policies are comprehensive.BMJ open · 2026Article
- The budget impact analysis of nicotine replacement therapy among patients who smoke tobacco and have mental illness in South Africa and the implications.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis for implementation of smoking cessation strategies at primary health care settings in Tamil Nadu.PloS one · 2025Article
- Dental staff and patient attitudes about nicotine replacement therapy samples in dental care: A National Dental Practice-Based Research Network study.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2024Article
- Effect of unguided e-cigarette provision on uptake, use, and smoking cessation among adults who smoke in the USA: a naturalistic, randomised, controlled clinical trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- High-quality chromosome-level de novo assembly of the Trifolium repens.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- A de novo assembled high-quality chromosome-scale Trifolium pratense genome and fine-scale phylogenetic analysis.BMC plant biology · 2022Article
- Effect of Funding Medications for Nicotine Dependence on Tobacco Control: A Narrative Review.Open respiratory archivesReview
- A cost-effectiveness analysis of national smoking cessation services among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in Thailand.Journal of medical economicsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPharmacotherapies remain a central focus of successful tobacco control, but uptake remains very low.
objectiveTo estimate the cost effectiveness of a primary care nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) sampling intervention.
designA Markov cohort simulation model was constructed to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses. Clinical trial results were used to initialize the Markov model. All other model parameters were derived from the literature. The study was conducted over a lifetime horizon, from the payers' budgetary perspective.
participantsSmokers with a primary care visit.
interventionMedication sampling, which provided short, starter packets of NRT (nicotine patch and lozenge) to smokers in the primary care setting. MAIN MEASURES: Lifetime healthcare expenditures, quality-adjusted life years, and life years. KEY
resultsMedication sampling was the dominant strategy compared to standard care. Our intervention cost $75, yielding a discounted lifetime savings of $1065 in healthcare expenditures, and increased both discounted quality-adjusted life years and discounted life years by 0.01. One-way sensitivity analyses showed that medication sampling remained dominant in plausible ranges except when it failed to increase cessation relative to standard care. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed that medication sampling was dominant in 94.1% of the simulated cases, with an implementation cost of $74 (95% CI $73-$76) and discounted lifetime savings in health expenditures of $1061 (- $1106 to - $1,017), increasing quality-adjusted life years by 0.008 (0.0085-0.0093) and life years by 0.008 (0.0081-0.0089).
conclusionMedication sampling, an easily implementable, scalable and low-cost intervention to encourage smoking cessation, is cost saving and improves quality of life.
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Registered trials
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