ArticleScientific reports2022
Impact of vaccination on the COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. states.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Predictive models for health outcomes due to SARS-CoV-2, including the effect of vaccination: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination Programs on the Reduction of COVID-19 Cases: A Systematic Literature Review.Annals of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Five Years of COVID-19 in Tocantins, Brazil: Epidemiology, Vaccination Impact, and SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Dynamics (2020-2025).Viruses · 2025Article
- Emerging and Pandemic Pathogens: Lessons Learned From a Clinical Research Network.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Review
- Review
- Examining epidemiologic disparity across SARS-CoV-2 variant-dominant periods in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma (March 12, 2020-February 28, 2022).Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Charity coverage and decreased COVID-19 mortality among uninsured patients in Texas: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the incidence, lethality and mortality of pregnant and postpartum women.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Mapping global public perspectives on mRNA vaccines and therapeutics.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing hospitalisation and mortality: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Iran.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic experiences on attitudes towards vaccinations: on the social, cultural and political determinants of preferred vaccination organization models in Poland.Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- Neutralizing antibody responses assessment after vaccination in people living with HIV using a surrogate neutralization assay.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?Vaccines · 2024Article
- Understanding the role of risk preferences and perceptions in vaccination decisions and post-vaccination behaviors among U.S. households.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Alterations of SARS-CoV-2 Evolutionary Dynamics by Pharmaceutical Factors.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2024Review
- Single nucleotide variants in theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Governments worldwide are implementing mass vaccination programs in an effort to end the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination program in its early stage and predicted the path to herd immunity in the U.S. By early March 2021, we estimated that vaccination reduced the total number of new cases by 4.4 million (from 33.0 to 28.6 million), prevented approximately 0.12 million hospitalizations (from 0.89 to 0.78 million), and decreased the population infection rate by 1.34 percentage points (from 10.10 to 8.76%). We built a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model with vaccination to predict herd immunity, following the trends from the early-stage vaccination program. Herd immunity could be achieved earlier with a faster vaccination pace, lower vaccine hesitancy, and higher vaccine effectiveness. The Delta variant has substantially postponed the predicted herd immunity date, through a combination of reduced vaccine effectiveness, lowered recovery rate, and increased infection and death rates. These findings improve our understanding of the COVID-19 vaccination and can inform future public health policies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.