ArticleHuman resources for health2022
Assessing the staffing needs for primary health care centers in Cross River State, Nigeria: a workload indicators of staffing needs study.
Article in Human resources for health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The race to retain nursing workforce in healthcare: an umbrella review of effectiveness of retention interventions and strategies.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Using tiered accreditation and decentralized governance to achieve population-based equity in pulmonary and critical care medicine in the Chinese mainland.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Assessing primary health care facilities in six prioritized Nigerian states: Linking facility readiness with service availability.PloS one · 2026Article
- Midwives workload in the context of free maternal healthcare: a cross-sectional study based on the Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs (WISN) method in primary healthcare facilities in Kananga, Democratic Republic of the Congo.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Retaining nurses in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of nursing sciences · 2025Review
- Application of the workload indicators of staffing need (WISN) to assess dietetic workforce needs in South African central and tertiary public hospitals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Addressing skilled birth attendants' needs of primary healthcare facilities in Nigeria using the human resources for health solutions model.Discover health systems · 2025Review
- Facilitating and limiting factors of cultural norms influencing use of maternal health services in primary health care facilities in Kogi State, Nigeria; a focused ethnographic research on Igala women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practice of adverse drug reaction reporting among health workers in primary health centres participating in seasonal malaria chemoprevention campaign in Nigeria in 2022: a cross-sectional survey.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- A Delphi consensus study to determine the workload components and activity standards of dietitians in South Africa's central and tertiary public hospitals.Human resources for health · 2024Article
- Barriers to hepatitis B virus screening of pregnant women in primary healthcare centers in Nigeria: health workers' perspective.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Task Shifting and Task Sharing Implementation in Africa: A Scoping Review on Rationale and Scope.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Do health service contacts with community health workers influence the intention to use modern contraceptives among non-users in rural communities? Findings from a cross-sectional study in Nigeria.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- An assessment of primary health care costs and resource requirements in Kaduna and Kano, Nigeria.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate: Safe, Feasible and Effective Therapy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Bolivia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Global experiences in health workforce policy, planning and management using the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method, and way forward.Human resources for health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA major human resources for health challenge for Nigeria is ensuring the availability and retention of adequate competent health workers in the right mix to provide health care particularly at primary health care facilities in remote and rural communities. This study applied the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method to determine the numbers of nurses, midwives, community health officers (CHOs), community health extension workers (CHEWs), and junior community health extension workers (JCHEWs) required to cope with health care service delivery at primary health care facilities in Cross River State; compare workloads of different cadres at selected health facilities, and identify facilities with highest workload pressure.
methodsCross River State in Nigeria has 18 local governments, 196 wards, and an estimated population of over three million people. We used the WISN method to estimate the numbers of nurses/midwives, CHOs/CHEWs, and JCHEWs required to cope with the workload in the 196 ward-level primary health care facilities.
findingsBasic services provided by nurses/midwives, and CHOs/CHEWs were typical of the primary health care level. They are antenatal care, routine immunization, child welfare clinic, family planning, treatment of minor ailments, assisted and normal deliveries, postnatal care, emergencies, care of tuberculosis patients, and referrals. Findings show that available nurses/midwives for the 196 PHC facilities were 79, and the calculated requirement was 209, WISN ratio of 0.4 and difference of - 130; the existing number of CHOs/CHEWs was 808, the calculated requirement was 1,258, WISN ratio of 0.6, with a difference of - 450; and the number of existing JCHEWs was 258, the calculated requirement was 203, WISN ratio of 1.3 with a difference of 55. Cross River State had only 40% of required nurses and midwives; and 60% of CHOs/ CHEWs needed to provide health services in the ward-level PHC facilities.
conclusionThe findings from this study indicated marked shortages of needed health workforce particularly nurses and midwives at the primary level of care; and overlap in some of the tasks performed by nurses/midwives, CHO/CHEWs, and JCHEWs.
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