SynthesisPloS one2022
Racialized economic segregation and health outcomes: A systematic review of studies that use the Index of Concentration at the Extremes for race, income, and their interaction.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interpersonal, Community/Environmental, and Societal Risk and Protective Factors for Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Black Women in the United States: A Systematic Review.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Pooled it
- LocaliType: Development of locality-based social determinants of health archetypes using census tract data from the UCSF Health Atlas.Wellbeing, space and society · 2026Article
- The relative importance of neighborhood environment features in explaining preeclampsia risk using machine learning.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Racialized economic concentration predicts storm-related injuries and deaths in the United States, 2005-2022.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Racialized Economic Segregation and Disparities in the Risk of Stillbirth.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Alcohol and Cannabis Use in the Context of Violence Experiences and Traditional Masculinity Attitudes Among Black Emerging Adult Men in Baltimore, Maryland.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2026Article
- Associations of racialized economic segregation with the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and poor mental health in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Associations between residential segregation, ambient air pollution, and hippocampal features in recent trauma survivors.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- DNA methylation in the placenta and household socioeconomic status: the SPAH study.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Postpartum severe maternal morbidity: A longitudinal analysis of the association with economic segregation and neighborhood deprivation in Georgia, USA 2016-2022.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Spatial Social Polarization and Cardiometabolic Disease Prevalence and Incidence: What Is the Role of the Neighborhood Environment?Journal of health and social behavior · 2026Article
- The Complex Interplay of Race, Neighborhood Deprivation, and Oncologic Outcomes After Transplant.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- Racialized economic segregation in relation to fecundability in a preconception cohort study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Self-reported experiences of interpersonal racial discrimination and maternal and neonatal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Neighborhood Differences in Omnipresent Policing and Sleep Health in New York City: Protocol for a Multimethod Quantitative Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- A Review of the Public Health Literature Examining the Roles of Socioeconomic Status and Race/Ethnicity on Health Outcomes in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- National Variation in Black Immigrant Preterm Births and the Role of County-Level Social Factors.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Observational
- A Standard Measure of Structural Racism, Do We Have One? Can We Have One? A Narrative Review of Commonly Used Measures and Domains of Use.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- The impact of neighborhood-level racial and economic segregation on low-risk cesarean delivery among Black, White, and Biracial (Black/White) individuals.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The Impact of Neighborhood-level Racial and Economic Segregation on Low-Risk Cesarean Delivery among Black, White, and Biracial (Black/White) Individuals.Research square · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extensive research shows that residential segregation has severe health consequences for racial and ethnic minorities. Most research to date has operationalized segregation in terms of either poverty or race/ethnicity rather than a synergy of these factors. A novel version of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICERace-Income) specifically assesses racialized economic segregation in terms of spatial concentrations of racial and economic privilege (e.g., wealthy white people) versus disadvantage (e.g., poor Black people) within a given area. This multidimensional measure advances a more comprehensive understanding of residential segregation and its consequences for racial and ethnic minorities. The aim of this paper is to critically review the evidence on the association between ICERace-Income and health outcomes. We implemented the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to conduct a rigorous search of academic databases for papers linking ICERace-Income with health. Twenty articles were included in the review. Studies focused on the association of ICERace-Income with adverse birth outcomes, cancer, premature and all-cause mortality, and communicable diseases. Most of the evidence indicates a strong association between ICERace-Income and each health outcome, underscoring income as a key mechanism by which segregation produces health inequality along racial and ethnic lines. Two of the reviewed studies examined racial disparities in comorbidities and health care access as potential explanatory factors underlying this relationship. We discuss our findings in the context of the extant literature on segregation and health and propose new directions for future research and applications of the ICERace-Income measure.
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