Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35089934›Full record

ArticlePloS one2022

Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in Afghanistan in 2019: Synthesis of multiple methods.

Abdul Rasheed, Hamid Sharifi, Paul Wesson, Sayed Jalal Pashtoon, Fatemeh Tavakoli, Nima Ghalekhani, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Alim Atarud, Mohammad Reza Banehsi, Naqibullah Hamdard and 3 more

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Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Understanding injecting drug use in Afghanistan: A scoping review.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022
    Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Abdul RasheedYouth Health and Development Organization, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Hamid SharifiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Paul WessonDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Sayed Jalal PashtoonYouth Health and Development Organization, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Fatemeh TavakoliHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Nima GhalekhaniHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Ali Akbar HaghdoostHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Alim AtarudUnited Nations Development Programme, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Mohammad Reza BanehsiModeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Naqibullah HamdardMinistry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Said Iftekhar SadaatMinistry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Willi McFarlandDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Ali MirzazadehHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-0478-3220

Funding

Int'l Traineeships in AIDS Prevention Studies (ITAPS)R25MH064712 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LINDAN, CHRISTINA P · 2002 to 2018
$3.4M
International Traineeships in AIDS Prevention Studies (ITAPS)R25MH123256 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CHRISTINA P LINDAN · 2020 to 2026
$1.8M
NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH064712NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH123256
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs (PWID) provide information needed for monitoring coverage of programs and planning interventions. The objectives of this study were to provide the locations and numbers of PWID in eight cities in Afghanistan and extrapolate estimates for the country as a whole.

methodsMultiple population size estimation methods were used, including key informant interviews for mapping and enumeration with reverse tracking, unique object and service multipliers, capture-recapture, and wisdom of the crowds. The results of the several methods were synthesized using the Anchored Multiplier-a Bayesian approach to produce point estimates and 95% credible intervals (CI). Using the prevalence of PWID in the eight cities and their correlation with proxy indicators, we extrapolated the PWID population size for all of Afghanistan.

resultsKey informants and field mapping identified 374 hotspots across the eight cities from December 29, 2018 to March 20, 2019. Synthesizing results of the multiple methods, the number of male PWID in the eight study cities was estimated to be 11,506 (95% CI 8,449-15,093), corresponding to 0.69% (95% CI 0.50-0.90) of the adult male population age 15-64 years. The total number of women who injected drugs was estimated at 484 (95% CI 356-633), corresponding to 0.03% (95% CI 0.02-0.04) of the adult female population. Extrapolating by proxy indicators, the total number of PWID in Afghanistan was estimated to be 54,782 (95% CI 40,250-71,837), men and 2,457 (95% CI 1,823-3,210) women. The total number of PWID in Afghanistan was estimated to be 57,207 (95% CI 42,049-75,005), which corresponds to 0.37% (95% CI 0.27-0.48) of the adult population age 15 to 64 years. DISCUSSION: This study provided estimates for the number of PWID in Afghanistan. These estimates can be used for advocating and planning services for this vulnerable at-risk population.

Indexed as

Population DensityAdolescentAdultAfghanistanBayes TheoremCross-Sectional StudiesDrug UsersFemaleHIVHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMiddle AgedSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID35089934
PMCPMC8797259

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.