SynthesisWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2022
Maternal smoking status during pregnancy and low birth weight in offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of 55 cohort studies published from 1986 to 2020.
Synthesis in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07201181 (Association of Prenatal Tobacco Exposure Verified by Maternal Urinary Cotinine With Umbilical Cord Blood Lactate, Fetal Carboxyhemoglobin, and Early Neonatal Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 59 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Association of Prenatal Tobacco Exposure Verified by Maternal Urinary Cotinine With Umbilical Cord Blood Lactate, Fetal Carboxyhemoglobin, and Early Neonatal Outcomes: A Prospective Single-Center Observational Study
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondhand smoke exposure and human health: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Depressive and Anxiety Behaviors in Offspring: A Meta-analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Consumption and Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Pooled it
- Association Between Smoking and Hypertension in Pregnancy Among Japanese Women: A Meta-analysis of Birth Cohort Studies in the Japan Birth Cohort Consortium (JBiCC) and JECS.Journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal Iodine Status and Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Do smoking abstinence periods among pregnant smokers improve birth weight? A secondary analysis of a randomised, controlled trial.BMJ open · 2024Trial
- Direct and indirect genetic effects of birthweight predisposition on child DNA methylation at birth.Epigenetics · 2026Article
- Evidence-based atlas of risk and protective factors for psychotic disorders: an umbrella review to inform personalized prognosis and prevention.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Prenatal anxiety, tobacco use, and infant birth weight: a multilevel analysis of PRAMS data.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Impact of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Fetal and Neonatal Neurobehavioral Development: A Narrative Review.Rhode Island medical journal (2013) · 2026Review
- Maternal smoking and risk of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Coverage, Timing, Safety, and Determinants of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission in Newborns Receiving Nirsevimab Prophylaxis for Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Genetic and maternal environmental contributions to estimated fetal weight at 20 weeks gestation compared with birthweight.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Other Health Aspects Before and During Pregnancy - Recommendations by the Nationwide "Healthy Start Network" (Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben) 2026.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Adequacy of antenatal care and maternal smoking: impacts on gestational age and birth weight among preterm births in a high-risk referral cohort in Western Iran.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Risk factors for low birthweight among multinational mothers: results from the first population-based maternal and infant health monitoring system in the capital emirate of the United Arab Emirates.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Prenatal chemical exposures and fetal growth: a narrative review of gene-environment interactions (2025).Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Growth Trajectories in Infants From Families With Plant-Based or Omnivorous Dietary Patterns.JAMA network open · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMaternal smoking during pregnancy may be associated with low birth weight (LBW) in offspring and global risk estimates have not been summarized previously. We aimed to systematically explore evidence regarding maternal smoking and the LBW risk in offspring globally and examine possible causes of heterogeneity across relevant studies.
methodsComprehensive search of PubMed, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline (R), and Web of science from inception until October 2021 was carried out. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic spline analysis with three knots was used to further examine the dose-response relationship.
resultsLiterature searches yielded 4940 articles, of which 53 met inclusion criteria (comprising 55 independent studies). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with the risk of LBW in offspring (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.80-1.98). Furthermore, an obvious dose-response relationship between the amount of cigarettes daily smoked in pregnancy and the risk of LBW in offspring was observed. The results of subgroup analyses indicated that the risk of maternal smoking on LBW was larger in more recently conducted studies (P = 0.020) and longer period of active smoking during pregnancy (P = 0.002). No evidence of publication bias was found.
conclusionsIn summary, maternal smoking in pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of LBW in offspring on a global scale. The risk of maternal smoking on infant LBW seems to be increasing over time, and was higher with longer smoking duration throughout pregnancy and more cigarettes smoked daily.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.