ArticleSurgical case reports2022
A case of breast squamous cell carcinoma following breast augmentation with liquid silicone injection after 16 years.
Article in Surgical case reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Primary Breast Implant-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proposal for a Better Surgical Approach and Clinical Staging System Based on Tumour Characteristics.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- S. carcinoma arising in a breast implant: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Liquid silicone gel injection leading to primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Penile squamous cell carcinoma originating from a silicone granuloma.Urology case reports · 2023Article
- Review
- How to Respond to the US Food and Drug Administration's Report on Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Breast Implant Capsules.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2023Article
- Glass Particles in the Nasal Cavity for 30 Years and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Is There a Relationship?Turkish archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2022Article
- Breast implant-associated squamous cell carcinoma in a male patient: A case report and review of the medical literature.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast augmentation has been linked to various complications, including cancerous tumors. The majority type of breast cancer associated with breast augmentation is adenocarcinoma. Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is extremely rare in both augmented and non-augmented women. Due to the low incidence, the possible origin and the mechanism of carcinogenesis of the breast SCC are not well understood. Here, we report a rare case of pure SCC 16 years after breast augmentation with liquid silicone injection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old Japanese woman was suffered from prolonged breast fluid retention in her left breast. Multiple unknown foreign bodies caused difficulties to investigate the inflammatory focus with ultrasonography. After unsuccessful surgical drainage and antibiotics treatments, the long-standing fluid retention was surgically removed and pathologically investigated. SCC was found in the removed tissue, and the patient underwent a total left mastectomy followed by postoperative chemotherapy. Pathological analysis revealed multiple cystic structures with a hard shell which enclosed high viscous liquid. A qualitative analysis using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscope defined the liquid as pure silicon, which possibly caused the squamous cell carcinogenesis.
conclusionsAlthough liquid silicone injection is not a current option for breast augmentation, the injected silicone could result in cancerous tumor generation after years. This case revealed that unphysiological substances could lead to unexpected biological reactions, which caused difficulties in diagnosis with our routine examination. It will be required that accumulate information from more cases and develop novel diagnostic equipment and biomarkers to address these artificial substance-derived tumors.
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