Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2021
First Results From a Propensity Matching Trial of Mycophenolate Mofetil vs. Azathioprine in Treatment-Naive AIH Patients.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil vs. Azathioprine in Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Digestion · 2025Pooled it
- Mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine as a first-line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis: a comparative systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- MMF Is an Effective and Safer Treatment Options for Treatment-Naïve Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis Compared to Azathioprine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of digestive diseasesPooled it
- Review article: Immunosuppression in Decompensated Autoimmune Hepatitis Cirrhosis - To Suppress or Not to Suppress?Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil Compared to Azathioprine in Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Meta-Analysis.Gastroenterology research · 2025Article
- Autoimmune hepatitis with syncytial giant cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case report and literature review.World journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- The Role of Novel Immunomodulators in the Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2025Review
- Azathioprine or Mycophenolate Mofetil: Which Should Be Used in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis?Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Evolution of Therapy in Autoimmune Hepatitis.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Role of B-Cell Inhibition in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Lessons Learnt From Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Cureus · 2025Article
- PNPLA3 I148 M genetic variant in autoimmune hepatitis characterises advanced disease at diagnosis and reduced survival free of cirrhotic events and liver-related mortality.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Article
- Article
- IL-17 Imbalance Promotes the Pyroptosis in Immune-Mediated Liver Injury Through STAT3-IFI16 Axis.Immune network · 2023Article
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Questions, Answers, and Illustrative Cases: Endorsed by Autoimmune Liver Diseases Special Interest Group, Turkish Association for the Study of Liver.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Treatment responses and outcomes in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and concomitant features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2023Article
- Article
- Long-term results of mycophenolate mofetilJHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2022Article
- Mycophenolate mofetil as second line treatment in autoimmune hepatitis - A retrospective single center analysis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2022Article
- Inflammatory bowel disease and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: looking at the less frequent associations.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Hellenic Association for the Study of the Liver (HASL): revised clinical practice guidelines for autoimmune hepatitis.Annals of gastroenterologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/Aims: As previous real-world studies and meta-analyses have shown that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) might have better efficacy than azathioprine (AZA) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), we conducted a propensity matching study to assess the efficacy and safety of MMF vs. AZA. Methods: All 126 consecutive treatment-naive adult AIH patients, diagnosed and followed in our department since 2016, were included. Patients received prednisolone 0.5-1 mg/kg/day plus either AZA 1-2 mg/kg/day or 1.5-2 g/day MMF. The tapering of prednisolone was identical between groups. Results: After propensity matching score and adjustment for known factors affecting response to treatment and outcome, 64 patients were included in the study (MMF = 32 and AZA = 32). Rates of non-response, complete biochemical response (CBR) at 6 and 12 months, and prednisolone withdrawal (6 months, 12 months, and end of follow-up) were identical between groups. However, MMF treatment was significantly associated with CBR at the end of follow-up [odds ratio (OR) 11.259; 95% CI: 1.3-97.4, p = 0.028]. AZA patients were more prone to stop treatment due to AZA intolerance/insufficient response (p = 0.0001). At the end of follow-up, the overall efficacy of each schedule was also significantly higher in the MMF group compared to the AZA group (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: We showed for the first time in a propensity matching study that MMF can be used as first-line therapy in AIH as attested by the significantly higher CBR at end of follow-up compared to AZA. Whether this better efficacy is also associated with higher histological remission rates and sustained CBR off immunosuppression needs further evaluation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.