ArticleFrontiers in neurology2021
Changes of Cytokines in Children With Tic Disorder.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Allergic load and symptom severity in children with tic disorders: a cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune Links to White-matter Microstructure in Medication-naïve Children with Tic Disorder: A Mediation Analysis.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Alterations in the DTI-ALPS index and choroid plexus volume are associated with symptom severity in children with tic disorders.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Investigating the pharmaceutical substances and action mechanisms of Changmaxifeng granules against tic disorders.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Analysis of Cytokine Profiles and Their Impact on Tic Disorder Severity Over One Year.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The Immune/Inflammatory Underpinnings of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- MicroRNA-429 Inhibits Microglial Inflammation by TargetingMediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- The volatile oil ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Cytokine expression profiles in children and adolescents with tic disorders.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cytokine levels reflect tic symptoms more prominently during mild phases.BMC neuroscience · 2023Article
- Hair Cortisol and Perceived Stress-Predictors for the Onset of Tics? A European Longitudinal Study on High-Risk Children.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The inflammatory injury in the striatal microglia-dopaminergic-neuron crosstalk involved in Tourette syndrome development.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tic disorder (TD) is a common childhood-onset disease associated with abnormal development of brain networks involved in the motor and sensory processing. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in TD are still unclear. An involvement of immune mechanisms in its pathophysiology has been proposed. This study investigates the association between the changes of cytokines and the etiology and development of TD. Different expressions of cytokines in a larger number of samples in our study may provide new insights to the field. The levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were evaluated in 1,724 patients who were clinically diagnosed with TD from 1 to 17.5 years old and 550 were from 6 months to 14.5 years old in the control group. We assessed the levels of cytokines according to the patient's medication status and the severity of the disease. Of the cytokines we investigated, the serum IL-6 concentration of children with TD was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the levels of other cytokines were lower in TD patients. In the patient group whose YTGSS score ranged from 1 to 9, the IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels increased in medication group compared to unmedication group. Our data suggested that the cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) may play an important role in the etiology and the severity in TD. Whether drug intervention in the early stage of tic disorder has a better effect on children needs further research.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.