Observational studyJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2022
Amantadine treatment is associated with improved consciousness in patients with non-traumatic brain injury.
Observational study in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Noninvasive neuromodulation for disorders of consciousness: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Use of amantadine in traumatic brain injury: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Amantadine Reshapes Brain Oscillatory Dynamics in Pediatric Disorders of Consciousness.Neural plasticity · 2026Article
- Role of Music Therapy in Neurocritical Care for Patients with Acute Brain Injury with Disorders of Consciousness: A Narrative Review and Proposed Framework for Practice.Neurocritical care · 2025Review
- Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction, Edema Formation and Functional Recovery in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Retrospective Study.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Advances in understanding and treating disorders of consciousness caused by brainstem injury.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2025Review
- Amantadine Continuation After Hospital Discharge for Acute Stroke Requiring Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Long-term Follow-up Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Article
- Whole brain modelling for simulating pharmacological interventions on patients with disorders of consciousness.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Informing future randomized controlled trials of amantadine hydrochloride in neurocritical care and post-neurocritical care stroke patients through a retrospective study.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Astrocyte-derived Interleukin-31 causes poor prognosis in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Restoring consciousness with pharmacologic therapy: Mechanisms, targets, and future directions.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Review
- A multicenter, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of amantadine to stimulate awakening in comatose patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Anatomical-related factors and outcome of percutaneous short-term spinal cord stimulation electrode shift in patients with disorders of consciousness: a retrospective study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Retrospective analysis of amantadine response and predictive factors in intensive care unit patients with non-traumatic disorders of consciousness.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- Targeting organic cation transporters at the blood-brain barrier to treat ischemic stroke in rats.Experimental neurology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Functional Recovery Following Thrombectomy in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion and Prestroke Disability.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Role of Amantadine in Prolonged Postictal Encephalopathy: A Case Report in an Elderly Patient.Case reports in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study determined the effect of amantadine treatment on consciousness in patients with non-traumatic brain injury.
methodsWe pooled individual patient data of five single-centre observational studies to determine the effect of amantadine treatment among patients with ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, community-acquired bacterial meningitis and status epilepticus, admitted between January 2012 and December 2015 and ventilated ≥7 days. Patient selection and multivariable regression modelling were used to adjust for differences in intergroup comparison and for parameters associated with consciousness. Improvement of consciousness 5 days after treatment initiation was defined as primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at day 5 and GCS at day 10, rate of ICU delirium, epileptic seizures and all-cause mortality at 90 days.
resultsOverall, 84 of 294 (28.6%) eligible patients received amantadine. Amantadine treatment was associated with improvement of consciousness at day 5 (amantadine: 86.9% vs control: 54.0%; absolute difference: 32.9 (20.0-44.2); adjusted OR (aOR): 5.71 (2.50-13.05), p<0.001). Secondary outcomes showed differences in GCS 5 days (9 (8-11) vs 6 (3-9), p<0.001) and GCS 10 days (10(8-11) vs 9(6-11),p=0.003) after treatment initiation. There were no significant differences regarding all-cause mortality (aOR: 0.89 (0.44-1.82), p=0.758) and ICU delirium (aOR: 1.39 (0.58-3.31), p=0.462). Rate of epileptic seizures after initiation of amantadine treatment was numerically higher in the amantadine group (amantadine: 10.7% vs control: 3.0%; absolute difference: 7.7 (0.3-16.4); aOR: 3.68 (0.86-15.71), p=0.079).
conclusionsAmantadine treatment is associated with improved consciousness among patients with different types of non-traumatic brain injury in this observational cohort analysis. Epileptic seizures should be considered as potential side effects and randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.