ArticleTobacco control2022
Comparison of nicotine emissions rate, 'nicotine flux', from heated, electronic and combustible tobacco products: data, trends and recommendations for regulation.
Article in Tobacco control, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing the abuse liability of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-authorized electronic nicotine delivery systems: Impact of nicotine flux, flavor, and menthol cigarette smoking status.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Association between ENDS device and liquid characteristics and cigarette smoking, quitting and smoking reduction behaviors among U.S. adults who frequently use ENDS.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Effects of freebase/protonated nicotine concentration, liquid composition and electrical power on throat hit in direct-to-lung vaping: theory and clinical measurements.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Vaping and smoking trajectories among youth and adults in the United States across the period 2014-2022.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Predictors of cigarette discontinuation and reduction among adults never planning to quit smoking: Longitudinal findings from the U.S. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, 2014/15-2021.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Continuous Nicotine Monitors for Personal Nicotine Pharmacokinetics: A Receptor-Aware Research Agenda.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Review
- Simulating early steps in nicotine dependence: Pharmacokinetics, activation, and chaperoning of nicotinic receptors.Molecular pharmacology · 2025Article
- Divergence in Cigarette Discontinuation Rates by Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Longitudinal Findings From the United States PATH Study Waves 1-6.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Dose by design: How limits on nicotine flux and puff duration affect the abuse liability of electronic nicotine delivery systems.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Personalized and adaptive interventions for smoking cessation: Emerging trends and determinants of efficacy.iScience · 2024Review
- Understanding the nicotine dose delivered by electronic nicotine delivery systems in a single puff: the importance of nicotine flux and puff duration.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Nicotine flux and pharmacokinetics-based considerations for early assessment of nicotine delivery systems.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Influence of nicotine form and nicotine flux on puffing behavior and mouth-level exposure to nicotine from electronic nicotine delivery systems.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Comparison of emissions across tobacco products: A slippery slope in tobacco control.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Review
- Broad range of research on e-cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTobacco smoking is a major cause of disease and premature death worldwide. While nicotine is recognised as the main addictive component in tobacco smoke, the total nicotine amount emitted (nicotine yield) and the rate of nicotine emission per second ('nicotine flux') contribute to the abuse liability of a given product. These variables can be regulated for public health ends and conveniently so for electronic cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).
methodsIn this study we computed nicotine flux from previously reported values of yield and puff topography for a wide range of tobacco products.
resultsWe found that nicotine flux varied widely across tobacco products, from less than 0.1 µg/s to more than 100 µg/s, and that since 2015 the upper limit of the ENDS nicotine flux range has risen significantly and is now approaching that of combustible cigarettes. We also found that products that differ in nicotine flux may exhibit similar nicotine yields due to differences in user puffing behavior. Nicotine flux is a tool that can be used to regulate nicotine emissions of tobacco products, including ENDS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.