ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2022
Assessment of stereopsis in pediatric and adolescent spectacle-corrected refractive error - A cross-sectional study.
Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of a Novel Autostereoscopic Three-Dimensional System for Binocular Visual Function: A Comparative Validation Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Stereopsis Assessment in a Pediatric Population and Its Association With Refractive Error: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- The Changing Natural History of Anisometropia: A Scoping Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Clinical factors associated with impaired near stereoacuity in children and adolescents with intermittent exotropia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Stereopsis impairment and its association with fovea-disc angle in congenital superior oblique palsy patients with compensatory head posture: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Binocular Visual Function in Children Wearing Single-Vision or Highly Aspherical Lenslet Spectacle Lenses Assessed with a Tablet-Based Dichoptic Platform.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Compensatory versus non-compensatory types in myopic acute acquired comitant esotropia: a new classification based on fusion ability at the far point.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Increasing myopic refraction reduces random dot stereopsis in Chinese myopic patients: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- [Assessment of the Effect of Different Eyeglasses-Wearing Habits on Binocular Visual Function in College Students With Myopic Anisometropia With Naked-eye 3D Technology].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Article
- Peripheral Refraction and Axial Growth Rate After Multifocal or Monofocal Intraocular Lens Implantation in Chinese Pediatric Cataract Patients.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Analysis of refractive development characteristics in school-age children based on biometric measurements: a cross-sectional study involving 12,025 primary school students from Xingtai City.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Stereoacuity and ocular-associated factors in children aged 3-7 years in Guangxi, Southwest China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of symptomatic dry eye and influencing factors among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Can viewing a 3D movie improve visual function in children with a history of amblyopia and neurotypical children?: A pilot study.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess the level of stereopsis in school children with spectacle-corrected refractive errors using Titmus fly and Randot stereo tests, evaluate the factors associated with the level of stereopsis, and determine the level of agreement between the two tests.
methodsA cross-sectional study was done on 5- to 18-year-old school-children wearing spectacles for at least 1-month duration. Visual acuity was assessed using Snellen's visual acuity chart, and their spectacle correction being used currently was measured using an auto lensmeter. The level of stereopsis was assessed using Randot and Titmus fly stereo tests. Data were entered using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 20, Chicago, IL. The associations between stereopsis and type of refractive error, visual acuity, age, and gender were analyzed. An agreement between Randot and Titmus fly test was done using Kappa statistics.
resultsA total of 222 children (101 boys and 121 girls; mean age 13 years) were assessed. Astigmatism was the most prevalent refractive error (60.4%), followed by myopia (24.8%) and hypermetropia (1.4%). Thirty children (13.5%) had anisometropia. All hyperopes had normal stereopsis. Children with spherical myopia had better stereopsis, followed by astigmatism and anisometropia in the same order (P = 0.036). Children with anisometropia ≤1.5 D had better stereopsis than anisometropia more than 1.5 D. Stereopsis was also found to have no correlation with the age and visual acuity at the time of testing or the age at which the child first started wearing spectacles. Stereopsis values obtained from Randot and Titmus fly stereo tests showed moderate agreement with Kappa value 0.581.
conclusionAnisometropia and astigmatism are the most critical factors determining the level of stereopsis in refractive errors.
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