Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35085492›Full record

ArticleNeuron2022

Orthogonal representations for robust context-dependent task performance in brains and neural networks.

Timo Flesch, Keno Juechems, Tsvetomira Dumbalska, Andrew Saxe, Christopher Summerfield

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 100 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed.

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  14. Entorhinal Cortex Signals Dimensions of Past Experience That Can Be Generalized in a Novel Environment.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  15. Sensory integration, temporal prediction, and rule discovery reflect interdependent inference processes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  16. Order parameters and phase transitions of continual learning in deep neural networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  17. Article
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  19. Orthogonal-Rotational Dynamics Supports Efficient Encoding and Updating for Streaming Information in Working Memory.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
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  20. Article

40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Timo FleschDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK. Electronic address: timo.flesch@psy.ox.ac.uk.
Keno JuechemsDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; St. John's College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK.
Tsvetomira DumbalskaDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
Andrew SaxeGatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit & Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK; CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: a.saxe@ucl.ac.uk.
Christopher SummerfieldDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK. Electronic address: christopher.summerfield@psy.ox.ac.uk.

Funding

Medical Research CouncilWellcome TrustWellcome Trust 216386/Z/19/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How do neural populations code for multiple, potentially conflicting tasks? Here we used computational simulations involving neural networks to define "lazy" and "rich" coding solutions to this context-dependent decision-making problem, which trade off learning speed for robustness. During lazy learning the input dimensionality is expanded by random projections to the network hidden layer, whereas in rich learning hidden units acquire structured representations that privilege relevant over irrelevant features. For context-dependent decision-making, one rich solution is to project task representations onto low-dimensional and orthogonal manifolds. Using behavioral testing and neuroimaging in humans and analysis of neural signals from macaque prefrontal cortex, we report evidence for neural coding patterns in biological brains whose dimensionality and neural geometry are consistent with the rich learning regime.

Indexed as

Neural Networks, ComputerTask Performance and AnalysisBrainLearningPrefrontal Cortexartificial neural networksfunctional magnetic resonance imagingorthogonal manifoldsrepresentational geometrytask learning

Identifiers

PMID35085492
PMCPMC8992799

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.