Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35084574›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2022

Intermittent fasting and continuous energy restriction result in similar changes in body composition and muscle strength when combined with a 12 week resistance training program.

Stephen J Keenan, Matthew B Cooke, Ebrahim Bani Hassan, Won Sun Chen, Josef Sullivan, Sam X Wu, Doa El-Ansary, Mahdi Imani, Regina Belski

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
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  7. Review
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  14. Review
  15. A Narrative Review of Intermittent Fasting With Exercise.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025
    Review
  16. Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Stephen J KeenanFaculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia. skeenan@swin.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-1234
Matthew B CookeFaculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-2715
Ebrahim Bani HassanAustralian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-9770
Won Sun ChenFaculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-3530
Josef SullivanFaculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
Sam X WuFaculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1466-939X
Doa El-AnsaryFaculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-3509
Mahdi ImaniAustralian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-5709
Regina BelskiFaculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8836-3417

Funding

Swinburne University of Technology Student Scholarship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe objective of this study was to compare the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training combined with either 5:2 intermittent fasting or continuous energy restriction on body composition, muscle size and quality, and upper and lower body strength.

methodsUntrained individuals undertook 12 weeks of resistance training plus either continuous energy restriction [20% daily energy restriction (CERT)] or 5:2 intermittent fasting [~ 70% energy restriction 2 days/week, euenergetic consumption 5 days/week (IFT)], with both groups prescribed a mean of ≥ 1.4 g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. Participants completed 2 supervised resistance and 1 unsupervised aerobic/resistance training combination session per week. Changes in lean body mass (LBM), thigh muscle size and quality, strength and dietary intake were assessed.

resultsThirty-four participants completed the study (CERT = 17, IFT = 17). LBM was significantly increased (+ 3.7%, p < 0.001) and body weight (- 4.6%, p < 0.001) and fat (- 24.1%, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced with no significant difference between groups, though results differed by sex. Both groups showed improvements in thigh muscle size and quality, and reduced intramuscular and subcutaneous fat assessed by ultrasonography and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), respectively. The CERT group demonstrated a significant increase in muscle surface area assessed by pQCT compared to the IFT group. Similar gains in upper and lower body strength and muscular endurance were observed between groups.

conclusionWhen combined with resistance training and moderate protein intake, continuous energy restriction and 5:2 intermittent fasting resulted in similar improvements in body composition, muscle quality, and strength. ACTRN: ACTRN12620000920998, September 2020, retrospectively registered.

Indexed as

Resistance TrainingBody CompositionBody WeightFastingHumansMuscle StrengthBody compositionContinuous energy restrictionIntermittent fastingLean body massResistance trainingWeight loss

Identifiers

PMID35084574
PMCPMC9106626

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.