Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35083540›Full record

ArticleSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer2022

Urban-rural differences in financial toxicity and its effect on cancer survivors' health-related quality of life and emotional status: a latent class analysis.

Richard Huan Xu, Ling-Ling Wang, Ling-Ming Zhou, Eliza Lai-Yi Wong, Dong Wang

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Article in Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Evaluation of financial toxicity and associated factors in female patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. The influence of family resilience and benefit finding on the financial toxicity of primary caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: a cross-sectional study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Differential patterns of health-related quality of life among low- and high-income cancer survivors in South Korea: a latent class analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Relationships between financial distress and anxiety and depression in cancer survivors.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
    Article
  11. Associations between financial toxicity, health-related quality of life, and well-being in Indonesian patients with breast cancer.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Financial toxicity and its influencing factors in young and middle-aged cancer patients: a latent profile analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Influence of age on financial toxicity in cancer patients.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2024
    Article
  19. Cancer cost-related subjective financial distress among breast cancer: a scoping review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Richard Huan XuDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China. richard.xu@polyu.edu.hk.
Ling-Ling WangDepartment of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Ling-Ming ZhouDepartment of Human Resource, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Eliza Lai-Yi WongJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Dong WangSchool of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. dongw96@smu.edu.cn.

Funding

the guangdong basic and applied basic research foundation 2021A1515011973
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the urban-rural differences in associations between financial toxicity (FT), physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL), negative emotional status, and the effect of patients' socioeconomic status and clinical and cost-related characteristics on the levels of FT in a sample of Chinese cancer survivors.

methodsData were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted by the oncology department at two tertiary level hospitals in China. The COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity, Euroqol five-level instrument (EQ-5D), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) were used to measure patients' FT, physical HRQoL, and negative emotional status. A latent class analysis was used to identify patient subgroups with distinct symptom experiences based on self-reported data on symptom occurrence using the EQ-5D and DASS-21.

resultsFour distinct latent classes were identified: all low (47.6%); high physical and low psych (18.6%); low physical and high psych (17.1%); and all high (17.1%). Rural patients younger than 50 years showed a statistically significantly higher FT than urban patients. Rural patients who were male, highly educated, insured, first hospitalization, new cases, received surgery or immunotherapy, and had low cancer-related costs in all low classes showed a higher FT than urban patients.

conclusionsRural patients with cancer suffered from higher FT than their urban counterparts, and the negative impact of psychological distress on FT was higher than that of physical HRQoL.

Indexed as

Cancer SurvivorsNeoplasmsCross-Sectional StudiesFinancial StressHumansLatent Class AnalysisMaleQuality of LifeSurveys and QuestionnairesFinancial toxicityHealth-related quality of lifeLatent class analysisSymptom clustersUrban–rural differences

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.