ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
Association Between Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers and Protection Against Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction-Confirmed Influenza Illness in Children 6-35 Months of Age: Statistical Evaluation of a Correlate of Protection.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01439360 (An Efficacy Study of GSK Biologicals' Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine GSK2321138A), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Efficacy Study of GSK Biologicals' Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine GSK2321138A (FLU D-QIV) When Administered in Children
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measurement of the absolute mass concentration of antigen-specific serum IgG via quantitative Western blotting.Analytical biochemistry · 2026Article
- The Road to Readiness: Commentary on the Journey of a Zoonotic H5 Influenza Vaccine Strain Update.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Rapid surge of reassortant A(H1N1) influenza viruses in Danish swine and their zoonotic potential.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Sex differences in antibody responses to influenza A/H3N2 across the life course.Research square · 2025Article
- Review
- Elucidating vaccine efficacy using a correlate of protection, demographics, and logistic regression.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Count on us: T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Review
- Evaluating Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers as a Correlate of Protection for Influenza: A Sensitivity Analysis Based on Information Theory and Causal Inference.Journal of global infectious diseasesArticle
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundData from a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children 6-35 months of age were used to determine whether hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer against A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 is a statistical correlate of protection (CoP) for the risk of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed influenza associated with the corresponding strain.
methodsThe Prentice criteria were used to statistically validate strain-specific HI antibody titer as a CoP. The probability of protection was identified using the Dunning model corresponding to a prespecified probability of protection at an individual level. The group-level protective threshold was identified using the Siber approach, leading to unbiased predicted vaccine efficacy (VE). A case-cohort subsample was used for this exploratory analysis.
resultsPrentice criteria confirmed that HI titer is a statistical CoP for RT-PCR-confirmed influenza. The Dunning model predicted a probability of protection of 49.7% against A/H1N1 influenza and 54.7% against A/H3N2 influenza at an HI antibody titer of 1:40 for the corresponding strain. Higher titers of 1:320 were associated with >80% probability of protection. The Siber method predicted VE of 61.0% at a threshold of 1:80 for A/H1N1 and 46.6% at 1:113 for A/H3N2.
conclusionsThe study validated HI antibody titer as a statistical CoP, by demonstrating that HI titer is correlated with clinical protection against RT-PCR-confirmed influenza associated with the corresponding influenza strain and is predictive of VE in children 6-35 months of age. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01439360.
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