ArticleScientific reports2022
Unequal allocation between male versus female reproduction cannot explain extreme vegetative dimorphism in Aulax species (Cape Proteaceae).
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diverging sex ratios in dioecious Proteaceae are exacerbated by anthropogenic disruptions to the fire cycle.Annals of botany · 2026Article
- The costs of reproduction can and do differ between the sexes.Annals of botany · 2025Review
- Differential growth rate, water-use efficiency and climate sensitivity between males and females of Ilex aquifolium in north-western Spain.Annals of botany · 2025Article
- Consequences of the Reproductive Effort of DioeciousInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Female plants not only flower but also produce resource-rich seeds, fruits, and cones. Thus, it is generally considered that female plants allocate more resources to sexual reproduction than male plants and that this allocation difference can explain vegetative dimorphism, such as greater leaf size in females. We found significant sexual vegetative differences in the dioecious and serotinous species, Aulax umbellata and A. cancellata. Plant height, annual branch length and canopy spread were greater in males whereas leaf size, branch thickness and branch number were greater in females. Sex ratios and basal stem area were, however, equal in the sexes. Equal sex ratios imply equal allocation to sexual reproduction and equal stem areas imply equal resource use and biomass, and thus allocation to vegetative growth. Given equal allocation to reproduction and resource use, we suggest that the vegetative dimorphism is driven by intra-male-competition to be more visually conspicuous to pollinators. This implies that plant architecture is both a vegetative and a reproductive trait.
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