ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2022
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors: long-term implications of toxicity.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 586 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
586 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 869 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy rechallenge in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.The oncologist · 2026Pooled it
- A network meta-analysis of endocrine adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Combining radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic cancers: a 25-year review of safety outcomes by the ENRSO Group.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of concurrent chemotherapy dose on long-term survival in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a 10-year single-center study.BMC cancer · 2026Trial
- Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy plus thymalfasin in locally advanced gastric cancer: a prospective clinical trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Managing fatigue with methylphenidate and physical activity during cancer immunotherapy treatment.Palliative & supportive care · 2025Trial
- Less frequent intravenous dosing of nemvaleukin alfa in patients with advanced solid tumors: the phase 1/2 ARTISTRY-3 trial.The oncologist · 2025Trial
- Nemvaleukin alfa monotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma: results from the phase 1/2 non-randomized ARTISTRY-1 trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Ad-SGE-DKK3 Gene Therapy Overcomes Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Pleural Mesothelioma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Immune checkpoint knockout screen reveals TIGIT-CD155 interaction as a significant modulator of adapter CAR-T cell function in acute myeloid leukemia.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Mapping the global landscape of research on immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiotoxicity: A quantitative and visualized bibliometric study (2016-2025).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Real world incidence, predictors and outcomes of endocrine immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitors.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Quality of life and care experience in durable responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced or metastatic NSCLC or melanoma.Immuno-oncology technology · 2026Article
- Toxicity attribution during enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab therapy in urothelial carcinoma: a practical framework.The oncologist · 2026Review
- Complex cardiac overlap: immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with subsequent NSTEMI.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Anti-PD-1 Therapy and Long-Term Toxic Effects Among Patients With Melanoma.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Oncologic Benefits and Cardiovascular Risks of Pembrolizumab: Insights From a Nationwide Lung Adenocarcinoma Cohort.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- IL-2/CD25 acts within the tumor microenvironment to reprogram tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The Cardio-Onco-Immune Axis: immunopathological mechanisms in the cardiac microenvironment of checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
526 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has heralded a new era in cancer treatment, enabling the possibility of long-term survival in patients with metastatic disease, and providing new therapeutic indications in earlier-stage settings. As such, characterizing the long-term implications of receiving ICIs has grown in importance. An abundance of evidence exists describing the acute clinical toxicities of these agents, although chronic effects have not been as well catalogued. Nonetheless, emerging evidence indicates that persistent toxicities might be more common than initially suggested. While generally low-grade, these chronic sequelae can affect the endocrine, rheumatological, pulmonary, neurological and other organ systems. Fatal toxicities also comprise a diverse set of clinical manifestations and can occur in 0.4-1.2% of patients. This risk is a particularly relevant consideration in light of the possibility of long-term survival. Finally, the effects of immune-checkpoint blockade on a diverse range of immune processes, including atherosclerosis, heart failure, neuroinflammation, obesity and hypertension, have not been characterized but remain an important area of research with potential relevance to cancer survivors. In this Review, we describe the current evidence for chronic immune toxicities and the long-term implications of these effects for patients receiving ICIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.