Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35082331›Full record

ArticleNature communications2022

Bioinspired elastomer composites with programmed mechanical and electrical anisotropies.

Yun Ling, Wenbo Pang, Jianxing Liu, Margaret Page, Yadong Xu, Ganggang Zhao, David Stalla, Jingwei Xie, Yihui Zhang, Zheng Yan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Subvoxel Control of Fiber Orientation via Multidirectional Shearing in 3D Printing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Multifunctional Porous Soft Composites for Bimodal Wearable Cardiac Monitors.AIChE journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. A 3D printable tissue adhesive.Nature communications · 2024
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yun Ling *Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-8901
Wenbo Pang *Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-3152
Jianxing LiuApplied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-5651
Margaret PageDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Yadong XuDepartment of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6433
Ganggang ZhaoDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6363-5295
David StallaElectron Microscopy Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Jingwei XieDepartment of Surgery-Transplant and Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68130, USA.
Yihui ZhangApplied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China. yihuizhang@tsinghua.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-2067
Zheng YanDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. yanzheng@missouri.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5968-0934

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Concepts that draw inspiration from soft biological tissues have enabled significant advances in creating artificial materials for a range of applications, such as dry adhesives, tissue engineering, biointegrated electronics, artificial muscles, and soft robots. Many biological tissues, represented by muscles, exhibit directionally dependent mechanical and electrical properties. However, equipping synthetic materials with tissue-like mechanical and electrical anisotropies remains challenging. Here, we present the bioinspired concepts, design principles, numerical modeling, and experimental demonstrations of soft elastomer composites with programmed mechanical and electrical anisotropies, as well as their integrations with active functionalities. Mechanically assembled, 3D structures of polyimide serve as skeletons to offer anisotropic, nonlinear mechanical properties, and crumpled conductive surfaces provide anisotropic electrical properties, which can be used to construct bioelectronic devices. Finite element analyses quantitatively capture the key aspects that govern mechanical anisotropies of elastomer composites, providing a powerful design tool. Incorporation of 3D skeletons of thermally responsive polycaprolactone into elastomer composites allows development of an active artificial material that can mimic adaptive mechanical behaviors of skeleton muscles at relaxation and contraction states. Furthermore, the fabrication process of anisotropic elastomer composites is compatible with dielectric elastomer actuators, indicating potential applications in humanoid artificial muscles and soft robots.

Indexed as

AnisotropyElectricityBiomimetic MaterialsElastomersElectric ConductivityFinite Element AnalysisMuscle, SkeletalRoboticsElastomers

Identifiers

PMID35082331
PMCPMC8791960

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.