ArticlePharmaceutical research2022
Biodistribution and Non-linear Gene Expression of mRNA LNPs Affected by Delivery Route and Particle Size.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surface charge of LNP and V-ATPase activity of target cell synergize in functional delivery of nucleic acidInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and determinants of mRNALipid Nanoparticle biodistribution: From pharmacokinetics to clinical translation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Nanocarrier-Based Gene Delivery Systems: Mechanisms, Clinical Translation, and Future Perspectives.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Review
- A dual-antigen mRNA-lipid polyplex vaccine elicits durable multistage immunity and sterile protection against malaria in mice.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Rewriting the mRNA Delivery Map: Albumin Hitchhiking Lipid Nanoparticles for Safer and Smarter Nanomedicine.ACS materials Au · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: Overcoming translational hurdles in nanoparticle research with pharmacokinetic modeling.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Bridging the Lab-to-Clinic Gap in Intranasal Nanomaterial-Based Chemotherapy for Glioblastoma.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal atlas of pro-inflammatory NF-κB and anti-inflammatory STAT6 signaling using reporter mice during mRNA vaccination.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Gut serotonin regulates Kupffer cell appetite for drug carriers.Cell research · 2026Article
- Alphavirus replicase and regulatory RNA elements in host interactions and viral vector engineering.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Whole-Body Pharmacokinetics of Ionizable Lipid, mRNA, and the Expressed Antibody following Intravenous Administration of mRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticle composition directs systemic trafficking and tissue-specific T cell immunity after intramuscular injection.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- Spatio-temporal targeting of cardiac cells with lipid nanoparticles after myocardial infarction.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2026Article
- mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Cell Engineering in Vivo and in Vitro: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- Whole-Body Pharmacokinetics of Lipid, mRNA and Translated Protein Following Intravenous Administration of Spike Protein Expressing mRNA-LNP in Mice.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Innovative γ-Oryzanol and KC2 Based Lipid Nanoparticles: OryKL Platform Provides Safe and Efficient In Vivo mRNA Delivery.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Effects of different mixing techniques on mRNA lipid nanoparticle physicochemistry and biological performance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Tuning the immune response to mRNA vaccines.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Influenza mRNA vaccine with engineered panhandle-forming UTRs provides potent, dose-sparing protection against seasonal influenza viruses.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely utilized as means to deliver mRNA molecules. However, metric connections between biodistribution and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the nanoparticle carrier and transgene expression dynamics remain largely unknown.
methodsLNPs containing mRNAs encoding the firefly luciferase gene were prepared with varying sizes. Biodistributions of injected LNPs in mice were measured by fluorescence bioimaging or liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, luciferase expression levels were determined by bioluminescence imaging and enzyme activity assays.
resultsSome intramuscularly injected LNPs were found circulating in the system, resulting in accumulation in the liver and spleen, especially when the LNP sizes were relatively small. Bigger LNPs were more likely to remain at the injection site. Transgene expression in the liver was found most prominent compared with other organs and tissues.
conclusionsBiomolecules such as mRNAs encapsulated in locally injected LNPs can reach other organs and tissues via systemic circulation. Gene expression levels are affected by the LNP biodistribution and pharmacokinetics (PK), which are further influenced by the particle size and injection route. As transfection efficiency varies in different organs, the LNP exposure and mRNA expression are not linearly correlated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.